Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2015, Vol. 50, № 5, pp. 673-684.

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2015.5.673eng

UDC 633.31:581.557:631.461.5:57.044

Supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research 15-04-09295а and 14-04-01441а, State Contract № 16.М04.11.0013

SELECTION OF SALT TOLERANT ALFALFA (Medicago L.) PLANTS
FROM DIFFERENT VARIETIES AND THEIR MORFO BIOLOGICAL
AND SYMBIOTIC PROPERTIES ANALYSIS

M.L. Roumiantseva1, G.V. Stepanova2, O.N. Kurchak1, O.P. Onishchuk1,
V.S. Muntyan1, E.A. Dzyubenko3, N.I. Dzyubenko3, B.V. Simarov1

1All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations,
3, sh. Podbel’skogo, St. Petersburg, 196608 Russia,
e-mail mroumiantseva@yandex.ru;

2V.R. Villiams All-Russian Research Institute for Forages, Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations,
1, Na-uchnii Gorodok, Lobnya, Moscow Province, 141055 Russia,
e-mail gvstep@yandex.ru;

3N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations,
42-44, ul. Bol’shaya Morskaya, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia,
e-mail elena.dzyubenko@gmail.com

Received August 15, 2015

 

Soils degradation growing in our days is associated with the depletion of their fertility, a result of crop rotation with excessive amounts of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products, as well as it links with widespread worsening climatic conditions and environmental conditions. For this reason, agriculture based on environmentally friendly technologies must be an absolute priority. Legumes can fix atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with nodule bacteria and accumulate it in plant biomass. Legumes are unique predecessors for grain crops, as they contribute to the effective restoration of soil fertility by introducing nitrogen into bioavailable form. Pastures based on legumes contribute to the restoration of soils destroyed and excluded from crop rotation, such as desert or saline. In this, the development of pathways to create new productive plant-microbe systems that can grow in adverse conditions, is of great theoretical and practical significance. The objectives of the study was to identify salt-tolerant plants of alfalfa (Medicago L.), to obtain plants of the I1 generation by self-pollination approach and to analyse their morphobiological and symbiotic properties in model experiments. The study was performed on 13 tetraploid and diploid varieties of alfalfa, including commercially valuable varieties Soleustoychivaya and Agniya, both of which were tested without rhizobia inoculation and in symbioses with Sinorhizobium meliloti strains. An analysis of the symbiotic activity of alfalfa varieties showed that they were highly responsible to S. meliloti Rm2011 strain inoculation and formed an effective symbiosis under saline conditions. Geographically different varieties were evaluated for the homogeneity according to dry matter (DM) accumulation at 75 mM NaCl without inoculation, and at 100 mM NaCl with inoculation by S. meliloti. Obtained DM data among the studied cultivars significantly changed only in case of symbiosis that was established with the assistance of the dispersion coefficient (D). Plants of salt tolerant phenotype was obtained for diploid M. caerulea and M. falcata species, as well as for  tetraploid M. sativa L. varieties  Soleustoychivaya and Agniya in microvegetative experiments done at the All-Russian Research Institute for agriculture microbiology (ARRIAM). Selected salt tolerant plants of both varieties were planted further in greenhouse complex (STC) of V.R. Villiams All-Russian Research Institute for Forages. It was found that salt-tolerant plants of Soleustoychivaya and Agniya are characterized by predominantly purple color of flowers, by a twisted form of bean, by relatively high branching and bushy, by later transition to a period of winter rest according to 3-year vegetation trials in the STC. From seeds obtained from tested plants the I1 plants were grown, which were studied in microvegetative experiments in ARRIAM. Plants I1 of both varieties were analyzed by DM, by growth rate of above-ground and underground parts, by number of nodules formed in typical (salt-free) conditions and under salinity. As a result, it was found that generation I1 plants of both varieties were homogeneous or sufficiently homogeneous according to DM data. Not inoculated generation I1 plants of Soleustoychivaya variety successfully developed in saline conditions (the average increase of DM was 36.92 % in comparison to plants of initial variety). DM of plants I1 of Agniya variety was, on the contrary, lower than that of the plants of the initial variety in the saline conditions, being 16.55 % less. The high level of interaction specificity of both varieties of generation I1 plants with strains CIAM1774 or Rm2011, differing in salt tolerance, was assessed by DM. Thus, under salt stress impact the highest values of DM was obtained for Soleustoychivaya variety plants in symbiosis with strain Rm2011 characterizing by S. meliloti salt tolerance typical degree. However, the symbiotic system on the basis of salt tolerant genotype of Agniya variety with salt-tolerant strain CIAM1774 may also be promising for cultivation in saline soils. It was found that the length of the root system decreased due to symbiosis, and this parameter depends on the specific plant-microbe interactions. It was concluded that the selection of salt-tolerant genotypes of plants and strains with a certain level of salt tolerance is promising in order to create symbiotic systems with enhanced adaptability.

Keywords: rhizobia, alfalfa (Medicago L.), effective symbiosis, salt tolerance, root and stem length, plant biomass.

 

Full article (Rus)

Full text (Eng)

 

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