Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2017, Vol. 52, № 1, p. 116-128.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2017.1.116eng

UDC 635.21:632.3/.4:632.9:579.64

Acknowledgements:
Experiments were performed using equipment of the Center of Genome Technologies and Cell Biology (ARRIAM).
Supported by Russian Science Foundation (grant № 14-16-00146).

 

PSYCHROPHILIC ENDOPHYTIC Pseudomonas AS POTENTIAL AGENTS
IN BIOCONTROL OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC AND PUTREFACTIVE
MICROORGANISMS DURING POTATO STORAGE

A.V. Shcherbakov1, E.N. Shcherbakova1, S.A. Mulina1, 2, P.Yu. Rots1, 2,
R.F. Daryu3, E.I. Kiprushkina4, L.N. Gonchar5, V.K. Chebotar’1

1All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations, 3, sh. Podbel’skogo, St. Petersburg, 196608 Russia,
e-mail microbe-club@inbox.ru, alonagonchar@mail.ru, mulina_sa@mail.ru, vladchebotar@rambler.ru;
2Saint PetersburgState Technical University, 26, Moskovskii prosp., St. Petersburg, 190013 Russia;
3Sup'Biotech private engineering school, 66 rue Guy Môquet, Villejuif, Paris, 94800 France;
4ITMO University (Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics), 9, ul. Lomonosova, St. Petersburg, 191002 Russia;
5National University of Nature and Bioresources of Ukraine, 15, vul. Geroiv Oborony, m. Kiev, 03041 Ukraine

ORCID:
Shcherbakov A.V. orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-8595
Shcherbakova E.N. orcid.org/0000-0002-7871-034X
Mulina S.A. orcid.org/0000-0001-6554-4111
Rots P.Yu. orcid.org/0000-0003-0638-7587
Daryu R.F. orcid.org/0000-0003-2516-9200 
Kiprushkina E.I. orcid.org/0000-0001-5350-4550
Gonchar L.N. orcid.org/0000-0002-3628-6659
Chebotar’ V.K. orcid.org/0000-0001-9762-989X

Received December 11, 2016

 

Abundant pathogens which attack seed and food potato tubers are a serious problem of the modern potato growing that causes significant losses during storage. Regular use of chemical fungicides and agrochemicals has led to emergence of resistance and an increased aggressiveness of plant pathogenic microorganisms. New fungal and bacterial strains and races are also appearing which spread rapidly and cause great damage to agricultural production. In this regard, the biologicals based on biocontrol microorganisms, instead of chemicals, are considered particularly relevant to protect seed and food potatoes from infectious diseases. A genus Pseudomonas belonging to the group of plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) includes species most effectively colonizing higher plants and used as active agents of biological products. Scientific novelty of our work lies in the fact that this study is the first to report the effect of psychrophilic strain Pseudomonas spp. RF13H on the storage of potato tubers. The cold resistant commercial varieties recommended for cultivation in the Leningrad region has been involved. For the first time we estimated the efficiency of tubers protection from a number of pathogenic microorganisms under refrigerated storage, assessed the population dynamics of introduced strain, and visualized the pattern of bacteria distribution and localization on the surface, using fluorescent in situ hybridization and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Using molecular genetic analysis, we have clarified the taxonomic position of several Pseudomonas strains, including psychrophilic strain Pseudomonas spp. RF13H. This strain possessed fungicidal and bactericidal activity against saprogenic and pathogenic microorganisms and was agronomically and physiologically tested. Its growth at low temperatures and production of auxin-like phytohormones were studied. Pseudomonas spp. RF13H influenced positively preservation and biochemical processes in potato tubers under refrigerated storage. Its microcolonies were often localized in different cracks, grooves and recesses on the stored tuber surface that indicated beneficial plant-microbial relations and explained a strategy for tuber colonization at room and low temperature during storage. The occurrence of surface phytopathogenic microorganisms decreased in the presence of Pseudomonas spp. RF13H, and the average number of all type-infected tubers was about 50 % lower among those treated with Pseudomonas spp. RF13H comparing to untreated ones. This trend continued for 3 month storage, i.e. the amount of infected untreated tubers reached 30 % and reduced up to 10-13 %, when treatment with biocontrol strain. At a temperature of 4 °С, the bacterial counts was quite stable for 5 months, and then significantly decreased (up to trace quantities) to the end of storage. The bacteria concentrated at the boundaries between the individual cells of tuber periderm and in the places of exudation of biochemical substances that serves as nutrients for bacteria. Introduction of Pseudomonas spp. RF13H was shown to contribute to redox processes (activation of antioxidant protection system enzymes — catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) thus increasing plant resistance to pathogens. Additionally, this strain has a positive effect on the microbiome composition in potato epidermis. Induction of own immunity and creation of a barrier preventing pathogen penetration helped to reduce infection in the potatoes tuber.

Keywords: Pseudomonas, potato, biocontrol of plant pathogens, fluorescence in situ hybridization.

 

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