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Zhukova A.S. Assisted reproductive technologies in animal farming as stress inducers: a mini-review. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2025, Vol. 60, № 6, p. 975-985.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2025.6.975eng

UDC: 636.018

Acknowledgements:
Supported financially by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (State Assignment No. FGGN-2024-0014)

 

ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN ANIMAL FARMING AS STRESS INDUCERS: A MINI-REVIEW

A.S. Zhukova✉

Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 60, pos. Dubrovitsy, Podolsk District, Moscow Province, 142132 Russia, e-mail skazka_morozko@mail.ru (✉ corresponding author)

ORCID:
Zhukova A.S. orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-014X

Final revision received August 29, 2025
Accepted November 27, 2025

Due to climate change and the use of intensive technologies in agriculture, the number of factors that have a stressful impact on animals is increasing. The intensification of animal husbandry leads to the widespread use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), but the number of studies on the stress impact of these technologies is extremely limited, especially with regard to oocyte isolation procedures for in vitro embryo production (OPU, IVP methods). This review summarizes information on the stress-inducing effects of ART. Rectal examination and intravital oocyte retrieval have been shown to stressfully affect animals (L. Kovács et al., 2014; M. Pilz et al., 2014; H. Giese et al., 2018; S. Petyim et al., 2007). Factors that aggravate the stress state during ART are heat exposure (M. Gendelman et al., 2010; M.M. Khodaei-Motlagh et al., 2011; F. De Rensis et al., 2021) and low qualifications of husbandry staff (G.G. Macedo et al., 2011; H. Giese et al., 2018; R.Y. Acharya et al., 2022). Short-term stress does not suppress fertility while chronic stress has a pronounced negative effect on the reproductive function and reproduction of animals. The estrous cycle is disrupted (M. Kala et al., 2016; G. Domes et al., 2024), folliculogenesis (M. Kala et al., 2016; Y. Wei et al., 2019) and ovulation aresuppressed (Y. Wei et al., 2019), the quality of oocytes decreases (R.R. Chen et al., 2022; F. Casillas et al., 2023; D.A. Lebedeva et al., 2024), their fertilization (A.K.H. Mahdy et al., 2018; L. Dehdehi et al., 2020), the number and quality of the resulting embryos (J. Burkuš et al., 2015) decline. Disruption of implantation is another consequence of long-term stress (P. Arck et al., 2004; L.H. Zhao et al., 2013), and therefore stress is considered an abortogenic factor. Decreased fertility is another negative effect of prolonged animal exposure to stress, which must be taken into account when calculating the optimal duration of the use of reproductive cell donors and predicting the expected success of ART. The use of various techniques that are perceived by animals as positive interaction with staff reduces stress in animals (S. Waiblinger et al., 2004; C. Schmied et al., 2008; S. Lürzel et al., 2018) and can increase the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies.

Keywords: assisted reproductive technologies, stress, cortisol, OPU, IVP, oocyte quality.

 

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