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Chernukha I.M., Mashentseva N.G., Aleksanochkin D.I., Detinkin I.A., Fomenko I.A. Biologically active peptides of Cannabis sativa seeds: composition, properties and application prospects (review). Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2025, Vol. 60, № 6, p. 955-974.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2025.6.955eng

UDC: 633.522:581.19

Acknowledgements:
Carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 25-16-00178)

 

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PEPTIDES OF Cannabis sativa SEEDS: COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION PROSPECTS (review)

I.M. Chernukha1, 2, N.G. Mashentseva1, D.I. Aleksanochkin1 ✉,
I.A. Detinkin1, I.A. Fomenko1

1Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH), 11, Volokolamskoe sh., Moscow, 125080 Russia, e-mail imcher@inbox.ru, natali-mng@yandex.ru, aleksanochkindi@list.ru (✉ corresponding author), detinkin02@gmail.com, fomenkoia@mgupp.ru;
2Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems RAS, 26, ul. Talalikhina, Moscow, 109316 Russia

ORCID:
Chernukha I.M. orcid.org/0000-0003-4298-0927
Detinkin I.A. orcid.org/0009-0004-0985-9505
Mashentseva N.G. orcid.org/0000-0002-9287-0585
Fomenko I.A. orcid.org/0000-0003-2478-170
Aleksanochkin D.I. orcid.org/0009-0000-7677-6583

Final revision received July 3, 2025
Accepted August 08, 2025

In recent years, interest in biologically active peptides (BAP) from industrial hemp has increased significantly due to their potential use in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries (D. Montesano et al., 2020). Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is one of the most promising oilseeds for the production of protein preparations (D.I. Aleksanochkin et al., 2024). The advantage of cannabis is its high protein content (from 20 to 30 % of the seed weight), as well as its balanced amino acid profile. Hemp seed proteins are mainly represented by globulins and albumins, among which the structural reserve protein edestin predominates, accounting for 60 to 80 % of the total protein content (A. Pihlanto et al., 2020). Three types of edestin have been identified in the cannabis genome: CsEde1, CsEde2, and CsEde3 (T. Docimo et al., 2014). Albumins account for about 25 % of all reserve proteins in cannabis seeds (A. Pihlanto et al., 2020). They have fewer disulfide bonds and a more flexible structure compared to globulins. A representative of this group is 2S-albumin (Cs2S) with a molecular weight of ~16 kDa (X. Sun et al., 2021). In addition, 7S-vicilin-like protein (Cs7S) was found in cannabis seeds, which belongs to less common reserve proteins (E. Ponzoni et al., 2019; X. Sun et al., 2021). Hemp protein is considered as a valuable source for the production of BAP with a wide range of functional properties. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and neuroprotective activities of such peptides have been most studied. Special attention is paid to the antihypertensive peptides of cannabis (WVYY, PSLPA, SVYT, IPAGV, IVY, and LIY), which inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and renin, which demonstrate efficacy both in vitro and in vivo experiments in animal models of hypertension (A.T. Girgih et al., 2014; S.P. Samaei et al., 2021). Peptides with DPP-IV inhibitory activity (FNVDTE, EAQPST, and VAMP), promising for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Antioxidant (H2 and H3), anti-inflammatory (MAEKEGFEWVSF and GLHLPSYTNTPQLVYIVK), and hypocholesterolemic (IGFLIIWV) peptides contribute to reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and low-density lipoprotein levels. (A. Thongtak et al., 2024; H. Chen et al., 2024; J. Gao et al., 2021; C. Bollati et al., 2022; S. Montserrat-de la Paz et al., 2023). Peptides with inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase are also known (L. Cai et al., 2023; S.A. Malomo et al., 2016; S.A. Malomo et al., 2019). Thus, cannabis supplements contribute to the prevention of diseases such as diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, Alzheimer's disease, kidney failure, as well as various inflammatory processes. This article summarizes current research trends in the production of biologically active peptides using the technology of enzymatic biotransformation of cannabis protein, as well as assessments of their biological activity. The structural and functional features of peptides, mechanisms of action, and prospects for the practical use of cannabis hydrolysates in various industries are demonstrated.

Keywords: technical hemp, hemp seed protein, protein preparations, protein hydrolysates, peptides, biological activity, enzyme preparations, proteolysis.

 

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