Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2018, Vol. 53, № 6, p. 1120-1130.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.6.1120eng

UDC 619:579.61/.63

 

MICROBIOLOGICAL RISKS RELATED TO THE INDUSTRIAL
POULTRY AND ANIMAL PRODUCTION (review)

V.I. Fisinin1, V.I. Trukhachev2, I.P. Saleeva1, V.Yu. Morozov2,
E.V. Zhuravchuk1, R.O. Kolesnikov2, A.V. Ivanov1

1Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute RAS, 10, ul. Ptitsegradskaya, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Province, 141311 Russia, e-mail saleeva@vnitip.ru (✉ corresponding author), vnitip@vnitip.ru, evgeniy_20.02@mail.ru, ivanovalexander1965@gmail.ru
2Stavropol State Agrarian University, 12, per. Zootechnicheskii, Stavropol, 355017 Russia, e-mail inf@stqau.ru, supermoroz@mail.ru, roman-koles@bk.ru

ORCID:
Fisinin V.I. orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-6336
Trukhachev V.I. orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-5407
Saleeva I.P. orcid.org/0000-0002-7446-1593
Morozov V.Yu. orcid.org/0000-0002-3688-1546
Zhuravchuk E.V. orcid.org/0000-0002-2951-0659
Kolesnikov R.O. orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-2383
Ivanov A.V. orcid.org/0000-0001-5021-2552
The authors declare no conflict of interests

Received June 25, 2017

 

The intensive poultry and animal farming generate substantial amounts of bioaerosols, dust, and harmful gases entering the environment daily, which pollutes the adjacent area with the radius ca. 3 km (M.V. Vlasov et al., 2010). Average dust load in the air of a poultry house can reach 10 mg/m3 (M. Saleh et al., 2014), with median concentration of endotoxins reaching 257.6 ng/m3 (K. Radon et al., 2002). Microbial load in the deposited dust can reach 3.2×109 CFU/m3, fungal load is 1.2×106 CFU/m3 (J. Skora et al., 2016). Concentrations of mesophilic bacteria in the air can reach 8.8×104 CFU/m3 in an animal house (E. Karwowska, 2005) and 1.89×108 CFU/m3 in a poultry house (K. Roque et al., 2016). Microbial population in the air within the premises for cattle growing can include pathogenic strains Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Candida spp., Aspergillus spp. (V.Yu. Morozov et al., 2016). A bioaerosol in a poultry house can contain different species from genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Pasteurella, Vibrio, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Brucella, Leptospira, Haemophilus, Mycoplasma, Yersinia, Staphyloccocus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Pantoea, Sarcina (Е. Lonc et al., 2010). In the air of poultry houses over 30 microbial species were identified including 13 fungal species dominated by Aspergillus and Penicillium species (A. Lugauskas et al., 2004). Concentrations of aerobic fungi were found to vary from 4.4×103 to 6.2×105 CFU/m3 (V. Agranovski et al., 2007). Inhalation of large amounts of this bioaerosol by farm personnel can promote respiratory inflammations, asthma, various allergic responces (B. Bakutis et al., 2004; D. Pomorska et al., 2009; L.A. Melnikova et al., 2009). Dust mites are among the most active allergen in poultry production (Е. Lonc et al., 2010). Over 20 % of farm personnel were reported to complain about the work-related symptoms of respiratory diseases (J. Hartung et al., 2007). The acute enteric infections (colibacteriosis, salmonellosis) is another important problem for the poultry production. High flock densities in the intensive production systems and especially different technological disruptions can lead to the emergence and transmission of diseases affecting livability and productivity of animals (O.R. Ilyasov et al., 2017). In these conditions a constant risk of the outbreaks of infectious diseases which can affect the whole flock is inevitable; the risk of the transmission of zoonotic diseases to humans is therefore high (A.G. Vozmilov et al., 2013). Occasionally the outbreaks of the diseases hazardous for human occur: bovine tuberculosis, rabies, leptospirosis, brucellosis, anthrax. Therefore, modern methods of poultry and animal production are of potential risk for the health status in animals and poultry and in the farm personnel while contamination of the adjacent air space can compromise the welfare of the habitants. Disinfection and decontamination methods, such as aerosol and UV disinfection, filtration of supply and exhaust air should be used to minimize these risks.

Keywords: animal production, poultry production, bioaerosol, pathogenic microflora, microorganisms, fungi, viruses, dust load, infectious diseases, air pollution, air medium.

 

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