Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2017, Vol. 52, № 6, p. 1083-1093.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2017.6.1083eng

UDC 636.977:599.735.3:575.22

Acknowlegdgements:
Supported financially by Russian Science Foundation, project 16-16-10068.

 

EVOLUTION OF THE METHODS FOR ESTIMATION BIODIVERSITY
IN REINDEER (Rangifer tarandus) (review)

V.R. Kharzinova, T.E. Deniskova, A.A. Sermyagin, A.V. Dotsev,
A.D. Solovieva, N.A. Zinovieva

L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations, 60, pos. Dubrovitsy, Podolsk District, Moscow Province, 142132 Russia,
e-mail veronika0784@mail.ru (corresponding author), horarka@yandex.ru, alex_sermyagin85@mail.ru, asnd@mail.ru, anastastasiya93@mail.ru, n_zinovieva@mail.ru

ORCID:
Kharzinova V.R. orcid.org/0000-0002-8067-0404
Sermyagin A.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-6014
Solovieva A.D. orcid.org/0000-0003-2628-9554
Deniskova T.E. orcid.org/0000-0002-5809-1262
Dotsev A.V. orcid.org/0000-0003-3418-2511
Zinovieva N.A. orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-6863

Received September 9, 2017

 

Reindeer Rangifertarandus, the only member of the genus Rangifer, is an important component of the food security of the indigenous people of the Russian North, and is an indispensable part of the Arctic ecosystems (А. Savchenko, 2014; V.G. Loginov, 2014). To-date, due to a number of unfavorable natural and anthropogenic factors, population number of both domestic and wild reindeer is sharply decreasing. This leads to a loss of the genetic diversity, which is sufficient for survival in new habitats (Y.A. Stolpovsky, 2010). In this regard, it is significant to monitor the genetic diversity of resource breeds and wild reindeer populations with use of genetic markers. The review summarizes the results of the genetic diversity studies of reindeer using different molecular genetic analysis methods. The first genetic studies of reindeer began with the assessment of serum transferrin polymorphism in the 1960s (В. Gahne et al., 1961; М. Braend, 1964). Types of transferrin were distinguished from each other by the band position and mobility in gel electrophoresis (A.V. Soldal et al., 1979; K.H. Roed, 1985; P.N. Shubin et al., 1988). With the development of genetic technologies, DNA markers gained popularity (M. Çaliskan, 2012). The so-called “anonymous” markers (initially RAPD and later ISSR) became the first DNA markers used to investigate the biodiversity of reindeer populations (V.V. Goncharov et al., 2009; N.V. Kol et al., 2006; T.M. Romanenko et al., 2014; G.Y. Bryzgalov, 2016). Since the publication of the complete nucleotide sequence of the control region of the mitochondrial genome of reindeer subspecies of Eurasia and North America, analysis of the polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has become widespread (M.A. Cronin, 1992; E. Randi et al., 2001; A.V. Davydov et al., 2007; M.V. Kholodova et al., 2009; A.N. Korolev et al., 2017). The method is a highly informative for revealing the phylogeny and origin of breeds and populations by the maternal line (Ø. Flagstad et al., 2003; N.A. Akopyan et al., 2016). Microsatellites have found great implementation in applied studies of genetics of reindeer (establishment of genetic structure, characteristic of allele pool, identification and differentiation of individuals) (K.H. Røed et al., 1998; B.I. Jepsen et al., 2002; R. Courtois et al., 2003; M.A. Cronin et al., 2003; K.A. Zittlau, 2004; P.D. McLoughlin et al., 2004; A.D. McDevitt et al., 2009; A.I. Baranova et al., 2016). For Russian reindeer populations, a multiplex panel of nine microsatellites was developed (V.R. Kharzinova et al., 2015). It is successfully using in the routine testing of reindeer, including the detection of hybrids between wild and domestic forms (V.R. Kharzinova et al., 2016). However, with the development of new high-throughput technologies and new-generation analytical equipment (А. Vignal, 2002; E.K. Khlestkina, 2013), DNA chips based on genotyping of multiple SNPs come to the fore in genetic studies of farm animals (F.J. Steemers et al., 2007; S. Mastrangelo et al., 2014; Т.Е. Deniskova et al., 2015; В. Slim et al., 2015, N.A. Zinovieva et al., 2016; Т.Е. Deniskova et al., 2016, R. Yonesaka et al., 2016). To-date, despite the fact that there is no the specific DNA chip for reindeer, the use of the Bovine SNP50 BeadChip, designed for cattle, is the most effective and highly informative method for studying the reindeer genome (V.R. Kharzinova et al., 2015; V.R. Kharzinova et al., 2016; V.R. Kharzinova et al., 2017).

Keywords: Rangifer tarandus, reindeer, genetic diversity, genetic marker, SNP, DNA chip.

 

Full article (Rus)

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