УДК 636.2:614.876:576.08

CITOMORPHOLOGICAL MONITORING OF DAIRY CATTLE ADAPTATION TO ECOTOXIC POLLUTION IN CONNECTION WITH THE ACCIDENT AT THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANТ

V.V. Kalashnikov1, A.A. Korovushkin2, S.A. Nefedova2, E.A. Shashurina2

In the conditions of Ryazan’ oblast in the fresh cows of the Black-and-White breed with mastitis, leukemia and hypothyroidism the authors determine the frequency of phenotypic aberrations of lymphocytes (dicentrics, tailed nucleus, different micronucleus) in connection with the degree of ecologically unfavorable with iodine, 137Cs and heavy metals. It was shown, that there is direct relation between the number of mutations, registrable pathologies, level of radiation background and total ecotoxic state of environment. Particularly, the number of tailed nucleus may be used as criteria on aptitude to animal leukosis on ecologically unfavorable territories. The revealed citomorphological changes are markers of genofond changes in the cattle populations, which must be considered during veterinary and breeding work in iodineendemic zones, polluted by heavy metals and radionuclides. The oral introduction of Са2+-antagonist of nifedipine (calcium channel-blocking agent, optimizing intracellular concentration of Са2+ in myocardium) to calves at the age before 6 months comes to normal process of mitosis, that permit to use this preparation for restoration of physiological adaptive reactions.

Keywords: lymphocytes, nuclear aberrations, ecology, environment, cattle, mastitis, leukemia.

1Российская академия сельскохозяйственных наук,
117234 г. Москва, ул. Кржижановского, 15, корп. 1;
2ФГБОУ ВПОРязанский государственный
агротехнологический университет им. П.А. Костычева,

390044 г. Рязань, ул. Костычева, 1,
e-mail: Nefedova-s-a@mail.ru

Поступила в редакцию
16 мая 2011 года

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