Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2018, Vol. 53, ¹ 5, p. 881-896.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.5.881eng

UDC 631.52:581.1:577.2

Acknowledgements:
Supported financially by the Russian Science Foundation (grant ¹ 15-14-30008)

 

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS CONTROLLING
AUTOPHAGY: A PERSPECTIVE TO IMPROVE PLANT STRESS
RESISTANCE AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY (review)

C.K. Rabadanova1, E.V. Tyutereva1, V.S. Mackievic2, V.V. Demidchik2, O.V. Voitsekhovskaja1

1Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations, 2, ul. Professora Popova, St. Petersburg, 197376 Russia, e-mail CRabadanova@binran.ru (✉ corresponding author), ETutereva@binran.ru, ovoitse@binran.ru;
2Belarusian State University, 4, pr. Nezavisimosti, Minsk, 220030 Republic of Belarus, e-mail v.mackievic@gmail.com, dzemidchyk@bsu.by

ORCID:
Rabadanova C.K. orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-8117
Demidchik V.V. orcid.org/0000-0003-3765-8386
Tyutereva E.V. orcid.org/0000-0002-6727-6656
Voitsekhovskaja O.V. orcid.org/0000-0003-0966-1270
Mackievic V.S. orcid.org/0000-0002-5116-0157
The authors declare no conflict of interests

Received November 1, 2017

 

Under stress conditions, crops cannot reach the maximal level of productivity. Moreover, stress very often leads to plant death. Various stress factors limit the development and success of agricultural praxis. Under stress conditions, plants generate multicomponent metabolic, physiological and genetic responses which help them to adapt to suboptimal environment. At the level of cells, recent research has demonstrated that part of cellular content can be ‘eaten’ by the cell upon stress, producing energy and metabolites for survival. This process is known as autophagy (J.H. Hurley et al., 2017). Apart from this, some cells can die in the course of so-called programmed cell death (PCD), to provide better conditions for survival of other cells under stress (W.G. van Doorn et al., 2011). Both these processes are highly conservative in the evolution of eukaryotic organisms; they are very important for plant stress response and survival in suboptimal environment. Both autophagy and PCD are being intensively studied in yeast and animals since 1960ies. In plants, studies of autophagy and PCD began rather recently, and it should be kept in mind that these processes in plants bear several important features, which distinguish them from similar processes in heterotrophic eukaryotes. These features are related to the peculiar structures of plant cells. Nowadays, the problem of crop resistance to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures has become especially acute in a number of regions. Therefore, research on stress-induced autophagy is of special interest, as this process is most probably a universal component of the stress response to the abovementioned factors (V. Demidchik et al., 2017; M.E. Pérez-Pérez et al., 2017). Unraveling the mechanisms regulating the stress-induced autophagy and PCD may provide a key to genetic and chemical control of plants stress resistance, life cycle and productivity. Constitutive (i.e. not induced by stress) autophagy is an important mechanism of renewal of defect cell components; in plants, enhancement of autophagic flux by overexpression of the genes encoding autophagy-related proteins leads to an increase in stress resistance and to delayed senescence. In course of plant development, many types of plant cells undergo autophagy followed by PCD at the terminal stage of differentiation. In particular, autophagy and PCD are indispensable for seed germination, formation of vascular system and development of generative organs. Autophagy also participates in the regulation of leaf and petal senescence. So-called ‘nocturnal’ autophagy takes part in the degradation of transient leaf starch and sustains the assimilate transport to economically important plant organs such as fruit, tubers and storage roots. Thus, autophagy as a process directly affecting stress resistance, senescence and translocation of water and assimilates, represents a potentially very important target for regulation of plant functions, which thus far has not been used for generation of new crop varieties or in other applications in agriculture. The review discusses the structural types of autophagy (S. Reumann et al., 2010), molecular pathways of autophagy regulation (F. Reggiori et al., 2013) and cellular mechanisms of assembly of autophagic machinery, focusing on their potential use in agricultural technologies (Y.-Y. Chang et al., 2009; S. Han et al., 2015), first of all, to counterpart the deleterious effects of abiotic stress factors.

Keywords: autophagy, potassium, programmed cell death, senescence, stress, assimilate transport, crop yield.

 

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