Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2018, Vol. 53, ¹ 5, p. 1037-1044.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.5.1037eng

UDC 579.64:631.461.52:57.044

Acknowledgements:
Supported financially by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Agreement ¹ 14.607.21.0178, RFMEFI60717X0178)

 

FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE TOXICITY OF LEGUME SEED
DISINFECTANTS TOWARDS BIOLOGICALS BASED ON SYMBIOTIC
NITROGEN FIXERS

Yu.V. Kosulnikov, Yu.V. Laktionov

All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations, 3, sh. Podbel’skogo, St. Petersburg, 196608 Russia, e-mail laktionov@list.ru, kullavayn@gmail.com (✉ corresponding author)

ORCID:
Laktionov Yu.V. orcid.org/0000-0001-6241-0273
Kosulnikov Yu.V. orcid.org/0000-0003-1134-3503
The authors declare no conflict of interests

Received July 17, 2018

 

Symbiotic nitrogen fixers of Rhizobiaceae family serve as biologicals for agriculture. This is due to the fact that free-living inoculants which are not crop-specific possess much less nitrogen-fixing ability than the legume—rhizobial symbiosis of a plant and its species-specific symbiont. Despite this, the seedbed inoculation and a wider use of biopreparations of nodule bacteria in legumes are hampered by a number of objective deficiencies of such preparations, for example, the relatively low resistance of rhizobia to adverse environmental factors. These factors include direct contact of bacteria with aggressive substances, i.e. chemical fungicides used for seed treatment. This paper is the first to report that the rhizobia survival rate depends on the temperature of tank solutions and may differ under the effect of disinfectants based on the same active ingredient. That is, methods of disinfectant manufacture significantly affect its toxicity towards nodule bacteria. Our goal was to determine the effect of treaters, its concentration in the solution, the time the solution was kept and the temperature mode on the number of nodule bacteria of soybean, lupine, pea and lentils that survived in the solution. Bacterial suspensions studied were root nodule bacteria of soybean (Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b), lupine (Bradyrhizobium lupini 367a), pea (Rhizobium leguminosarum 261b), lentil (Rhizobium leguminosarum 712), and chemical fungicides were Maxim (fludioxonil, 25 g/l; «Syngenta International AG», Switzerland), Protekt, (fludioksonil, 25 g/l; «Agro Expert Group LLC», Russia, «Agro Expert Group Kft.», Hungary), Protekt Forte (fludioxonil, 40 g/l + flutriafol, 30 g/l; «Agro Expert Group LLC», Russia, «Agro Expert Group Kft.», Hungary). Compatibility was determined by preparing tank solutions of biologicals and disinfectants, followed by determining the percentage of rhizobia that survived, depending on the type of disinfectant, its concentration (10 and 20 %), solution holding time (2, 4, 8 hours) and temperature (2-5, 16-18, 27 °C). Our results show that the resistance of nodule bacteria of various leguminous plants to these pesticides differs and decreases among the nodule bacteria of soybean, lupine, pea, lentils. The pesticide toxicity increases in the order Maxim, Protect, and Protect Forte. The presence of rhizobia in the same solution with disinfectants negatively affects the bacteria survival. The longer the mixture is kept, the less rhizobia remain alive. With increasing temperature of the mixture and the concentration of disinfectants in the solution, their toxicity increases. Low temperatures (2-5 °C) significantly increase the survival rate of rhizobia. The disinfectants Maxim and Protect, prepared on the basis of the same active ingredient with the same concentration, differed sharply in toxicity.

Keywords: symbiotic nitrogen fixers, Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium, biologicals, seed dressing agents, treaters, compatibility and toxicity.

 

Full article (Rus)

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