Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2018, Vol. 53, ¹ 5, p. 927-937.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.5.927eng

UDC 633.521:581.15:575.167(571.12)

 

USE OF MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MARKERS IN INTRASPECIFIC
POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS OF FLAX Linum usitatissimum L.

K.P. Korolev, N.A. Bome

Tyumen State University, 6, ul. Volodarskogo, Tyumen, 625003 Russia, e-mail bomena@mail.ru (✉ corresponding author), corolev.konstantin2016@yandex.ru

ORCID:
Korolev K.P. orcid.org/0000-0001-9595-3493
Bome N.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-5365
The authors declare no conflict of interests

Received July 11, 2018

 

In worsen environmental conditions sustainable agriculture and high quality food production rely on crop diversity and adaptiveness that requires the improved estimates of plant parameters. Flax which is among the recognized promising crops is presently rare in the Tyumen region. Our paper shows the most informative morphometric criteria of adaptiveness for several domestic and foreign flax varieties studied under local conditions. The criteria are for the first time improved by a rapid noninvasive method of chlorophyll measurement in leaves with a SPAD 502 optical counter. The purpose of this work was to estimate response of Linum usitatissimum L. genotypes to the environmental factors and to identify signs for use as indicators of adaptability. A total of 20 collection samples of flax of different ecological and geographical origin from Russia (6 samples), Belarus (7 samples), Czechia (2 samples), Ukraine (1 sample), France (1 sample), Canada (1 sample), Australia (1 sample), and Germany (1 sample) were used. Laboratory and field tests were conducted in 2016-2017. Seeds were germinated in Petri dishes on a filter paper moistened with distilled water at 20 °C, germination energy, laboratory germination rate, morphometric parameters and biomass of seedlings were determined. To test the plants at the initial stages of ontogenesis, 20 seeds were sown in 4-fold repeat in the vegetation pots. For field study (Biological station of the Tyumen state university «Biostation Kuchak», Tyumen Region, Nizhnetavdinsky District), 200 seeds of each sample were sown on 1 m2 plots in 3-fold repetition. Chlorophyll content in leaves was determined using an optical counter SPAD 502 («Minolta Camera Co., Ltd», Japan), three times with a 5 day interval in the laboratory test and seven times (according to the phenological phases — full shoots, herringbone, rapid growth, budding, flowering, green ripeness, and early yellow ripeness) in the field test. As per results obtained the seeds of the studied flax samples had two types of color (brown and yellow), differed in length (3.0-5.4 mm), width (2.1-8.2 mm), weight of 1000 seeds (6.57-4.36 g), shape (elongated-elliptic, ovoid flattened), which indicates sample heterogeneity. Features of plant growth and development at the initial stages of ontogenesis in some cases were confirmed in the field. For example, the length of the shoot in plants of varieties Mayak, Rybin, and Iva in the laboratory test is the largest of the entire experimental group (13.1; 12.5; 12.1 cm, respectively), and in the field, these varieties are in the ‘tall’ group according to plant height (96.1-100.2 cm). The yield of the flax straw was more (166.6-171.7 g/m2) in the varieties having shoots substantially predominating in the plant biomass (Grant, Mayak, Bertelsdorfer). Field germination rate (62.3-77.3 %) and plant survival during the growing season (70.6-85.8 %) we refer to the informative criteria that characterize a number of ontogenetic interrelated processes. Also, we propose SPAD 502 readings (SPAD index) to evaluate the genotype × environment interactions. Our results show positive correlations between SPAD index and parameters of plant assimilation surface (linear size, area and number of leaves, and plant height), as well as plant survival during the growing season. Significant differences are revealed between the studied samples in the average daily chlorophyll accumulation in the leaves before flowering and chlorophyll degradation at green and early yellow ripeness phases. Significant advantage in flax straw and seed yields have samples with a relatively rapid increase in SPAD index during the first half of the growing season with further uniform decrease towards maturity phase. Thus, Grant, Mayak (Belarus), Bertelsdorfer (Germany), Svalof (Czech Republic), Ottava 770 B See (Canada) are the varieties that combine high adaptive and productive properties.

Keywords: Linum usitatissimum L., flax, collection sample, chlorophyll counter SPAD 502, simulated and natural conditions.

 

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