Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2017, Vol. 52, № 5, p. 905-916
(how to cite this article).

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2017.5.905eng

UDC 633/635:57.086.83:579

Acknowlegdgements:
Supported by a subsidy from Federal Target Program (agreement No. 14.575.21.0136 of 26.09.2017)

 

GENETIC SOURCES REQUIRED FOR SOYBEAN BREEDING
IN THE CONTEXT OF NEW BIOTECHNOLOGies
(review)

M.A. Vishnyakova1, I.V. Seferova1, M.G. Samsonova2

1Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations, 42-44, ul. Bol’shaya Morskaya, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia,
e-mail m.vishnyakova.vir@gmail.com (corresponding author);
2Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29, ul. Politechnicheskaya,
St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia,
e-mail m.g.samsonova@gmail.com

ORCID:
Vishnyyakova M.A. orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-7745
Seferova I.V. orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-9198

Received June 11, 2017

Soybean is a strategic crop of multipurpose use. Production and consumption of soybeans are increasing year by year, with new uses appeared. Soybean can become one of the key plants in bioeconomics. Food, fodder, technical, medical and pharmaceutical use of soybeans is diversified and requires specialized varieties with the target traits. This poses new challenges for breeders and, accordingly, for holders of germplasm collections that supply source material for breeding. VIR soybean collection for many years serves as a genetic source for breeding. Based on long-term phenotyping, the accessions are systematized by a number of traits. Rapid development of new molecular technologies, e.g. marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic breeding are targeted to optimize both creation of new varieties and searching for the necessary genotypes. A number of agronomically important quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been found for soybean (Y. Xu, J.H. Crouch, 2008; D.C. Leite et al., 2016; Y. Ma et al., 2016; H. Liu et al., 2017), and putative candidate genes have been determined (E.Y. Hwang et al., 2014; J. Zhang et al., 2015; J. Zhang et al., 2016). This allows quick and targeted search for genotypes in germplasm collections, and necessitates relevant knowledge of the gene pool, i.e. the trait variability, the industrial uses, including the use of alternative values, etc. The purpose of this paper is an overview of the genetic diversity of VIR soybean collection in the context of modern breeding needs, in particular the creation of specialized varieties for target use, taking into account the crop studying and diversifying in the world, as well as developing new breeding technologies. It is shown that the VIR soybean collection contains genetic sources for high grain quality, i.e. high in protein and low in antinutritional substances, improved in oil and soy milk characteristics, etc. Breeding early maturated varieties for all soybean producing regions based on relevant gene sources is urgent. For all the traits discussed, the paper gives the modern data on genetic control, genomic organization and mapping genes and QTL. It is concluded that the range of soybeans uses should be based on a diversity of specialized varieties with specified parameters for target use and different adaptive abilities.

Keywords: Glycine max (L.) Merr., soybean, VIR collection, genetic resources, initial material, QTL, genes, breeding, specific uses, grain quality, early maturation.

 

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