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Kazaev K.A., Atlanderova K.N., Shoshin D.E., Duskaev G.K. The influence of dietary vanillin and quercetin on the macro- and microelement status of cattle. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2025, Vol. 60, № 4, p. 709-721.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2025.4.709eng

UDC: 636.2:57.044

Acknowledgements:
Carried out at the Center for Collective Use of the Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (https://ckp-rf.ru/ckp/77384/)
Supported financially by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 22-76-10008 (https://rscf.ru/project/22-76-10008/).

 

THE INFLUENCE OF DIETARY VANILLIN AND QUERCETIN ON THE MACRO- AND MICROELEMENT STATUS OF CATTLE

K.A. Kazaev, K.N. Atlanderova, D.E. Shoshin✉, G.K. Duskaev

Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies RAS, 29, ul. 9 Yanvarya, Orenburg, 460000 Russia, e-mail kazaevk970@gmail.com, atlander-kn@mail.ru, daniilshoshin@mail.ru (✉ corresponding author), gduskaev@mail.ru

ORCID:
Kazaev K.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-0443-6990
Shoshin D.E. orcid.org/0000-0003-3086-681Х
Atlanderova K.N. orcid.org/0000-0003-3977-4831
Duskaev G.K. orcid.org/0000-0002-9015-8367

Final revision received January 14, 2025
Accepted April 29, 2025

The use of secondary plant metabolites (phytobiotics) as an alternative to antibiotics in cattle feeding avoids the appearance of negative factors in the final meat product. The introduction such substances into the bulls feed affects the bacterial communities of the rumen contents, the processes of digestion and assimilation of the components of the diet. In this work, for the first time, the elemental profiles of the ruminal contents, blood serum, feces, and urine of bulls were comprehensively evaluated when a combination of quercetin and vanillin was added to the diet, and the elemental load coefficients of these biomaterials were determined. The aim of the work was analyzing of the dynamics of the elemental profile of essential, conditionally essential, toxic and potentially toxic elements in the rumen fluid, feces, urine and blood serum of cattle when a combination of phytochemicals vanillin and quercetin is included in the diet. The work was carried out in 2024. Bulls (Bos taurus L.) of the Kazakh white-headed breed (age 13 months, weight 320-340 kg) were divided into two groups by the method of pairs of analogues (n = 3). The bulls of the control group received a basic diet (30 % concentrates and 70 % coarse feed). The calves of the test group, together with the main diet, received a combination of phytochemicals vanillin + quercetin (Acros Organics, Belgium), which were mixed with a concentrated part of the diet and distributed individually to each animal, in the morning. Vanillin was used at a dosage of 1.5 mg/kg of the concentrated part of the diet, quercetin at a dosage of 5.9 mg/kg of the concentrated part of the diet. The balance experiment was conducted in two periods: preparatory (10 days) and accounting (8 days). During the preparatory period, the feed consumption was clarified, and the animals were accustomed to equipment useed to collect urine. During the reference period, a continuous collection of feces and urine was carried out, the daily amount of which was weighed, thoroughly mixed, and average samples were taken: feces — 3 %, urine — 5-10 % of the total amount. Feces were preserved with chloroform, urine with thymol. The animals were diagnosed with chronic rumen fistulae. Rumen contents were sampled in sterile gloves in a thermos with a constant temperature to preserve the microbiome. Blood samples were taken from the subcostal vein with sterile needles into vacuum tubes with EDTA and coagulation activator. The collected feces were dried at 60 °C for 6 hours, then at 105 °C to a constant weight, and analyzed in native form. Hay and concentrates were dried to an air-dry state and crushed. Urine, blood serum, and rumen fluid were stored frozen (at a temperature of -20 °C) and analyzed in native form. The total content of Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, Se, Mo, I, Cr, Fe, Zn, Co, Li, V, Ni, As, B, Br, Al, Ba, Bi, Hg, Pb, Tl, Be, Sr, Sn, Sb, Cd, and Ag were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on an Agilent 7900 ICP-MS kinetic energy discrimination single-quadrupole mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, Inc., USA), having previously destroyed the organic matrix by wet ozonation in a microwave sample preparation system. An assessment of the total toxic load index relative to the control samples was carried out. With a coefficient value of 1, the element load of the experimental and control groups is the same; with values >1 and <1, the load of the experimental group is higher and lower than the control group, respectively. In all the studied biomaterials in animals of the experimental group, a change in the elemental profile was found – the content of essential and conditionally essential, toxic and potentially toxic elements. A decrease in the concentration of P, Al, Hg, Pb, Sr, Sb and an increase in K, Cu, Zn, Bi were observed in the blood serum, The proportion of P, Ca, I, Cr, As, Sr decreased in the rumen fluid, and the content of Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Ba increased. There was a decrease in concentrations of Mg, K, Ca, Cu, Se, As, Ba, Pb, Sr, Sb in the urine, the proportion of Mn increased. Excretion with feces of Mg, P, K, I, Br, Bi, Pb, Sb, Cd, Ag decreased, excretion of Na, Ca increased, Fe, Co, B, Al. The total toxic load of all biomaterials has significantly decreased. At the same time, the total amount of essential and conditionally essential trace elements in the blood serum in the control and experimental groups was similar. Previously experimentally discovered correlations between pairs of elements (Mg-K, Mg-Fe, K-Ba, K-Fe, Ca-Sr, Ba-Zn, Fe-Zn) have been confirmed, which may be useful in the point regulation of the elemental profile of biomaterials. The data obtained indicate the possibility of using vanillin and quercetin together in feed mixtures to reduce the overall toxic load on the bovine excretory system and stimulate the excretion of toxic and potentially toxic elements while maintaining homeostasis of macro-, essential and conditionally essential elements in the blood.

Keywords: phytochemicals, cattle, elemental status, vanillin, quercetin.

 

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