doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.4.698eng

UDC 636.018:573.22

 

STURGEON (Acipenseridae) ARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION PARADIGM
CHANGEOVER UNDER CONDITIONS OF NATURAL STOCK DEFICIT
OF STURGEON IN THE VOLGA-CASPIAN BASIN
(review)

N.V. Sudakova1, E.V. Mikodina2, L.M. Vasilyeva1

1Astrakhan State University, 20a, ul. Tatishcheva, Astrakhan, 414056 Russia,
e-mail sudakorm@mail.ru, bios94@mail.ru;

2Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries & Oceanography, Federal Agency for Fishery,17, ul. Verkhnyaya Krasnoselskaya, Moscow, 107140 Russia, e-mail mikodina@vniro.ru (✉ corresponding author)

ORCID:
Sudakova N.V. orcid.org/0000-0002-7916-3720
Vasilyeva L.M. orcid.org/0000-0002-4927-2088
The authors declare no conflict of interests

Received February 5, 2018

 

As well known, natural populations of sturgeon (Acipenseridae), except sterlet(Acipenser ruthenus), reached critical values by the beginning of the 21st century (P. Bronzi et al., 1999; E.V. Makarov et al., 2000; L. Speer et al., 2000; G.I. Ruban et al., 2015). For the endangered species of sturgeon, artificial reproduction continues to be the main source of replenishment of their populations (M.S. Chebanov et al., 2007). This method of sturgeon breeding is the most developed in the Lower Volga of the Caspian basin (V.V. Mil’shtein, 1982; A.A. Kokoza, 2004; L.M. Vasilieva, 2011) in Russia. To increase the effectiveness of sturgeon aquaculture, existing technologies are being updated and new ones are being developed (M. Chebanov et al., 2011; S. Wuertz et al., 2018). One such is the formation of broodstock (production) herds at sturgeon hatcheries (V.V. Tyapugin, 2015; L.M. Vasilieva, 2015; A.A. Popova et al., 2002). Abroad, broodstocks of sturgeon fishes have been created in industrial farms mainly aimed at commercial activities. For the analytical study, we used our own data, literature sources and reports on sturgeon artificial reproduction of the North Caspian Basin Directorate for Fisheries and the Conservation of Aquatic Biological Resources (Sevkasprybvod). It should be noted that most of the Russian relevant papers on the issue have been published in regional periodicals with a restricted accessibility. In this review, we intend to fill the existing gap. Among the six sturgeon species habiting in the Volga-Caspian basin, beluga Huso huso, Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, the sturgeon A. stellatus, and the sterlet A. ruthenus (G.I. Ruban et al., 2011) are considered. The data on the use of sturgeon producers of different origin in artificial reproduction at six hatcheries of the Astrakhan region are analyzed for the period from 2012 to 2015. In the species composition of wild producers caught for fish breeding, Russian sturgeon predominates (85-90 %) with critically small proportions of beluga and stellate, the species which are almost on the verge of complete extinction in the natural habitat (A.A. Kokoza et al., 2014; G.I. Ruban et al., 2017). Among sturgeon producers, the number of individuals from natural populations decreased while those of broodstock increased. Production broodstocks are formed by two alternative methods, the domestication of wild adult fish and the cultivation of producers from birth (from fertilized eggs) to sexually mature stages. The domestication makes it possible to accelerate the formation of broodstocks, since it does not necessitate growing sturgeons during four periods of the life cycle (embryonic, larval, juvenile, and immature stage). The formation of brooocks by domestication method, which began in Russia in 1999, led to a decrease in the average age of reaching puberty in different species of sturgeon under captivity up to 2-9 years. The proportion of juveniles derived from sturgeon producers which were grown in artificial conditions in the Astrakhan region is dynamically increasing. Russian experts have developed scientific foundation and technologies for the formation of sturgeon broodstocks which are currently involved in artificial reproduction at federal sturgeon hatcheries in the Lower Volga. Thus, the change of the paradigm of sturgeon fish artificial reproduction is stated which in modern conditions should be based on the offspring of producers from broodstocks.

Keywords: Sturgeon, the Volga-Caspian basin, artificial reproduction, Sturgeon hatcheries, spring and winter races, sturgeon natural stocks shortage, brood stock, domestication, paradigm changeover.

 

Full article (Rus)

Full article (Eng)

 

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