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Gultyaeva E.I., Shaydayuk E.L., Malashonok A.S., Zuev E.V., Mitrofanova O.P. Genetic diversity of new Russian varieties of winter and spring common wheat for leaf rust resistance. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2026, Vol. 61, № 3, p. 435-451.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2026.3.435eng

UDC: 633.11:632.4:577.2

Acknowledgements:
We would like to thank all our fellow breeders who provided the seed material for these studies.
Phytopathological and molecular genetic studies were carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, project FGEU-2025-0005 “Biodiversity of pathogens causing fungal plant diseases in Russia”. The seed material of 34 winter and 12 spring wheat varieties was transferred to the VISR within the framework of the state task assigned to VIR, Project No. FGEM-2022-0009 “Structuring and disclosing the potential of hereditary variation in the global collection of cereal and groat crops at VIR for the development of an optimized genebank and its sustainable utilization in plant breeding and crop production”.

 

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF NEW RUSSIAN VARIETIES OF WINTER AND SPRING COMMON WHEAT FOR LEAF RUST RESISTANCE

E.I. Gultyaeva1 ✉, E.L.Shaydayuk1, A.S. Malashonok2, 3,
E.V. Zuev3, O.P. Mitrofanova3

1All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 3, sh. Podbel’skogo, St. Petersburg, 196608 Russia, e-mail eigultyaeva@gmail.com (✉ corresponding author), eshaydayuk@bk.ru;
2Pushkin Leningrad State University, 10A, Peterburgskoe sh., St. Petersburg—Pushkin, 196605 Russia e-mail malashonokas2005@rambler.ru;
3Federal Research Center the Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 42, ul. Bol’shaya Morskaya, St. Petersburg, 190031 Russia, e-mail e.zuev@vir.nw.ru, o.mitrofanova@vir.nw.ru

ORCID:
Gultyaeva E.I. orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-0307
Zuev E.V. orcid.org/0000-0001-9259-4384
Shaydayuk E.L. orcid.org/0000-0003-3266-6272
Mitrofanova O.P. orcid.org/0000-0002-9171-2964
Malashonok A.S. orcid.org/0009-0002-8210-2002

Final revision received March 12, 2026
Accepted March 26, 2026

Leaf rust (the causative agent Puccinia triticina) is an economically significant disease of common wheat (Trticum aestivum), which occurs in all areas of its cultivation. Immunogenetic protection based on the cultivation of genetically diverse resistant varieties forms the basis of modern agricultural technologies. Information about the degree of resistance of cultivated wheat varieties and their resistance genes is needed for successful implementation of genetic protection. Resistance study to P. triticina of new Russian varieties, which are annually included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements, are traditionally conducted at the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR). In this work seedling resistance and the presence of Lr genes in new Russian varieties of winter and spring soft wheat are characterized for the first time. The aim of the study was to evaluate the resistance to the pathogen of leaf rust in the seedling stage in new varieties of winter and spring soft wheat, first included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2025, and to identify Lr genes using molecular markers. The research material was 36 winter and 16 spring wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum), approved for cultivation in the Russian Federation since 2025. Experiments were conducted in All Russian Institute of Plant Protection in 2025. The assessment of seedling resistance of wheat plants was performed using seven single pustule isolates of P. triticina (test clones) with different virulence spectra and geographical origin. Pt1 isolate was obtained from the Chelyabinsk P. triticina population in 2022 and assigned to the TLTTR race, Pt2 isolate from the Saratov population in 2022 (TGTTT), Pt3 isolate from the Krasnodar population in 2023 (THTTR), Pt4 isolate from the Chelyabinsk population in 2024 (TFTTR), Pt5 isolate from the Novosibirsk population in 2025 (MCТKH), Pt6 isolate from the Chelyabinsk population in 2025 (TMTTR), Pt7 isolate from the Kazakh population in 2025 (ТВТТТ). The test clones differed in virulence/avirulence to lines with the Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr9, Lr15, Lr16, Lr19, and Lr26 genes. 8-10-day-old seedlings were inoculated (phase 1 of the leaf). The E.B. Mains and H.S. Jackson scale was used to determine the type of reaction, where scores 0, 1, 2 — resistance, 3, 4 — susceptibility, X — moderate susceptibility. The type of reaction to infection was recorded after 9-10 days. Using molecular markers, 22 leaf rust resistance genes were identified: Lr1, Lr3, Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr20, Lr21, Lr24, Lr25, Lr26, Lr28, Lr29, Lr34, Lr35, Lr37, Lr41(39), Lr47, Lr51, Lr66, Lr6Agi1, Lr6Agi2, Lr1Al.1RS. According to information on the resistance of the studied varieties to leaf rust in the field, provided by the State Commission for Variety Testing, since 2010 there has been a tendency to increase the number of varieties resistant to leaf rust. In 2025, 24 (70 %) of the 34 winter varieties were declared resistant or moderately resistant to P. triticina, and 8 (50 %) of the 16 spring varieties, respectively. In laboratory studies, four varieties have shown resistance to all isolates: Imeratritsa, Parsek, Razgulyai, and Pamayti Tyunina. 54 % of the varieties showed a variation in resistance to used isolates. The Helios 15 was resistant to six of the isolates, the varieties Stavropolskaya 21, Yuzhnaya Zvezda, Altaiskaya 85, Modava, Pamyati Nikonova, Suenga, and Ulianovskaya 115 to five isolates, the variety En-Titan to four isolates, the varieties Balkaria, Donets, NIL, and Ekada 279 to three isolates, the varieties Augustina, Arkada, Buran 88, Georgiya, Kugultinka, Engima, Riddle, Kasibovskaya 2, Ring to two isolates, the varieties Ilvin, Milasha, Temp, Falcon to one of the isolates. 35% of the varieties were characterized by a susceptible reaction to the isolates. In the molecular analysis, nine of the identified genes (LrAsp, Lr9, Lr1AL.1RS, Lr1, Lr3, Lr10, Lr26, Lr34 and Lr37) were found in the studied varieties. One of identified genes was revealed in 13 varieties (25 %), two genes in 17 varieties (33 %), three genes in 10 varieties (19 %), four genes in 4 varieties (7 %). The highly effective gene LrAsp was identified in one variety; the partially effective gene Lr9 in two varieties; translocation of AL.1RS with an unidentified moderately effective Lr gene in three varieties; adult plant resistance genes Lr34 and Lr37 in 12 and five varieties, respectively; ineffective gene Lr1 in 20 varieties, Lr3 in 17 varieties, Lr10 in 11 varieties, Lr20 in one variety, Lr26 in 17 varieties. The highly effective gene LrAsp from Aegilops speltoides in combination with the ineffective Lr10 gene was identified in the immune Pamyati Tyunina variety. This variety is the third registered variety with the highly effective leaf rust resistance gene LrAsp. The first variety Chelyaba 75 was recommended for growing in 2012, the second Odintsovskaya in 2022. Despite the long-term cultivation of varieties with LrAsp, they retain a high level of resistance to leaf rust. The Lr26 gene was identified in the moderately resistant variety Empress, and the Lr1, Lr26, and Lr37 genes were identified in the Parsek. The variety Helios 15, susceptible to one of the isolates (Pt6), has adult plant resistance gene Lr37 and two ineffective seedling resistance genes Lr1 and Lr10. The partially effective gene Lr9 in combination with ineffective genes Lr1 and Lr3, and the adult plant resistance gene Lr34, was found in the spring variety Altaiskaya 85. In 2025, there has been an increase in the register of varieties protected by the adult plant resistance gene Lr37: Buran 88 (+Lr1, Lr26), Helios 15 (+Lr1, Lr10), Ermolovka (Lr3), Parsek (+Lr1, Lr26), En Titan (+Lr3, Lr10, Lr26). The resistant wheat varieties carried the highly and partially effective Lr genes can be recommended for breeding as resistance donors. The results of immunological and molecular studies indicate a moderate effect of new varieties on the variability of the structure of Russian regional populations of P. triticina based on virulence.

Keywords: Puccinia triticina, Puccina striiformis, Triticum aestivum, Lr-genes, Yr-genes.

 

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