PLANT BIOLOGY
ANIMAL BIOLOGY
SUBSCRIPTION
E-SUBSCRIPTION
 
MAP
MAIN PAGE

 

 

 

 

Fedoreyeva L.I., Besaliev I.N., Shelepova O.V., Kononenko N.V. Comparative characterization and adaptive mechanisms of salt tolerance of different wheat genotypes. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2023, Vol. 58, № 3, p. 510-524.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2023.3.510eng

UDC: 633.11:631.523:577.21

Acknowledgements:
Carried out according to the government orders FGUM-2022-0003, FNWZ-2022-0014 and GBS-RAS 122042700002-6.

 

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERIZATION AND ADAPTIVE MECHANISMS OF SALT TOLERANCE OF DIFFERENT WHEAT GENOTYPES

L.I. Fedoreyeva1 ✉, I.N. Besaliev2, O.V. Shelepova1, 3,
N.V. Kononenko1

1All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 42, Timiryazevskaya, Moscow, 127550 Russia, e-mail fedlara@inbox.ru (✉ corresponding author), nilava@mail.ru, greenpro2007@rambler.ru;
2Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agricultural Technologies RAS, 29, ul. 9 Yanvarya,Orenburg, 460000 Russia, e-mail orniish_tzk@mail.ru;
3Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden RAS, 4, ul. Botanicheskaya, Moscow, 127276 Russia

ORCID:
Fedoreyeva L.I. orcid.org/0000-0003-4601-1496
Shelepova O.V. orcid.org/0000-003-2011-6054
Besaliev I.N. orcid.org/0000-0001-9389-1938
Kononenko N.V. orcid.org/0000-0001-6064-2011

Final revision received April 11, 2023 
Accepted May 31, 2023 

The study of adaptive mechanisms of salt tolerance for the identification and selection of resistant wheat genotypes remains an urgent task since the area of lands with high salinity is constantly increasing worldwide. This work was focused on the processes of accumulation and excretion of toxic ions from the roots and leaves of different wheat genotypes and the effect of these ions on the state of plant tissues. It was shown that in the studied varieties of durum wheat, with an increase in salinity, the size of the root system decreased and, as a result, the absorption of toxic Na+ ions decreased. In soft wheat, ionic conductivity increased and the excretion of Na+ ions increased too. We compared the manifestations of salt stress caused by high concentrations of NaCl, and the mechanisms of salt tolerance and adaptation to its toxic effect in varieties of different types of wheat in the conditions of the Orenburg region in the field. The initial assessment of salt tolerance of wheat varieties was carried out according to the degree of growth inhibition by sodium chloride. Based on the initial assessment, wheat varieties differing in salt tolerance were selected, i.e., two durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) varieties Zolotaya and Orenburgskaya 10 and two soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Ulyanovskaia 105 and Orenburgskaya 22. The final assessment of the salt tolerance of the selected varieties was carried out in 2022, growing plants in small-scale (1.8 m2 plots) field trials in 3 repetitions of each variant. To create salt stress, sodium chloride was applied for root watering after emergence and before the tillering phase in the form of a solution (200 mM NaCl). Plants grown without the addition of salts served as control. The adaptive mechanisms of resistance of different wheat genotypes to sodium chloride were studied using biochemical, molecular genetic and light-optical methods of analysis. The defense mechanisms of plants against the action of salt stress include blocking and excretion of Na+ and Cl– from the cell cytoplasm, activation of the antioxidant defense system, and an increase in plant tolerance due to various mechanisms of regulation of gene activity. Our results show that the Ulyanovska 105 and Orenburgskaya 22 wheat cultivars retain the selectivity of K+ ions with respect to Na+ ions in the roots and maintain a higher K+/Na+ ratio (4.12 and 4.18, respectively) under stress compared to with varieties Zolotaya and Orenburgskaya 10 (1.26 and 3.75, respectively). The regulation of ion flows is provided by ion transporters. Increased activity of the genes of two classes of НKT transporters in the Orenburgskaya 22 variety contributes to a greater excretion of Cl- and Na+, and, conversely, in the Zolotaya variety, accumulation of toxic ions occurred, which leads to a decrease in the content of chlorophylls a and b (Chl a and Chl b). The lower Chl a/Chl b ratio in Orenburgskaya 22 than in Zolotaya 22 (2.03 vs. 2.43) indicates a high content of Chl b. This expands the light absorption spectrum, which contributes to an increase in photosynthesis. The difference in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) indicates the initiation of different mechanisms of antioxidant defense in different wheat genotypes. Accumulation of ROS products in the roots of Ulyanovskaia 105 and Orenburgskaya 22 cultivars during salinization occurs more intensively in the zones of the cap and meristem, which is 1.3 times lower compared to the Zolotaya and Orenburgskaya 10 cultivars. In these wheat varieties, ROS products accumulate in all the studied zones, however, in the area of the cap is less than in the other zones. NaCl-sensitive wheat genotypes showed damage in root cells, while damage was minimal in resistant wheat genotypes. Salt stress in sensitive wheat varieties can lead to programmed cell death. The degradation of nucleic acids is a marker of the plant death. According to the degree of DNA degradation, the Zolotaya variety turned out to be the most unstable. The integrated approach used by us in this study made it possible to identify various mechanisms of resistance to salt stress in wheat genotypes. The obtained results can be in demand by breeders and specialists of the agrarian complex.

Keywords: soft wheat, durum wheat, salt stress, ion transporters, chlorophyll, reactive oxygen species, nuclease activity, DNA degradation, programmed cell death.

 

REFERENCES

  1. Munns R., Tester M. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 2008, 59: 651-681 CrossRef
  2. Tuteja N. Mechanisms of the high salinity tolerance in plants. Methods in Enzymology, 2007, 428: 419-438 CrossRef
  3. Pankova E.I., Gorokhova I.N. Byulleten’ Pochvennogo instituta im. V.V. Dokuchaeva, 2020, 103: 5-33 CrossRef (in Russ.).
  4. Balandrán-Quintana R.R., Mercado-Ruiz J.N., Mendoza-Wilson A.M. Wheat bran proteins: a review of their uses and potential. Food Reviews International, 2015, 31: 279-293 CrossRef
  5. Munns R., James R.A., Gilliham M., Flowers T.J., Colmer T.D. Tissue tolerance: an essential but elusive trait for salt-tolerant crops. Functional Plant Biology, 2016, 43: 1103-1113 CrossRef
  6. Parihar P., Singh S., Singh, R., Singh V.P., Prasad S.M. Effect of salinity stress on plants and its tolerance strategies: a review. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 2015, 22: 4056-4075 CrossRef  
  7. DeRose-Wilson L., Gaut B.S. Mapping salinity tolerance during Arabidopsis thaliana germination and seedling growth. PLoS ONE, 2011, 6(8): e22832 CrossRef
  8. Munns R., James R.A., Xu B., Athman A., Conn S.J., Jordans C., Byrt C.S., Hare R.A., Tyerman S.D., Tester M., Plett D., Gilliham M. Wheat grain yield on saline soils is improved by an ancestral Na+ transporter gene. Nat. Biotechnol., 2012, 11: 360-364 CrossRef
  9. Apse M.P., Aharon G.S., Snedden W.A., Blumwald E. Salt tolerance conferred by overexpression of a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport in Arabidopsis. Science, 1999, 20: 1256-1258 CrossRef
  10. Apse M.P., Blumwald E. Na+ transport in plants. FEBS Lett., 2007, 581: 2247-2254 CrossRef
  11. Jabnoune M., Espeout S., Mieulet D., Fizames C., Verdeil J.L., Conéjéro G., Rodríguez-Navarro A., Sentenac H., Guiderdoni E., Abdelly C., Véry A.A. Diversity in expression patterns and functional properties in the rice HKT transporter family. Plant Physiol., 2009, 150: 1955-1971 CrossRef
  12. Tournaire-Roux C., Sutka M., Javot H., Gout E., Gerbeau H., Luu D.-T., Bligny R., Maurel C. Cytosolic pH regulates root water transport during anoxic stress through gating of aquaporins. Nature, 2003, 425: 393-397 CrossRef
  13. Boursiac Y., Chen S., Luu D.-T., Sorieul M., van den Dries N., Maurel C. Early effects of salinity on water transport in Arabidopsis roots. Molecular and cellular features of aquaporin expression. Plant Physiol., 2005, 139: 790-805 CrossRef
  14. Horie T., Hauser F., Schroeder J.I. HKT transporter-mediated salinity resistance mechanisms in Arabidopsis and monocot crop plants. Trends Plant Sci., 2009, 14: 660-668 CrossRef
  15. Murguía J.R., Bellés J.M., Serrano R. A salt-sensitive 3´(2´),5´-bisphosphate nucleotidase involved in sulfate activation. Science, 1995, 267: 232-234 CrossRef
  16. Tsugane K., Kobayashi K., Niwa Y., Ohba Y., Wada K., Kobayashi H. A recessive Arabidopsis mutant that grows photoautotrophically under salt stress shows enhanced active oxygen detoxification. Plant Cell, 1999, 11: 1195-1206 CrossRef
  17. Choudhury F.K., Rivero R.M., Blumwald, E., Mittler R. Reactive oxygen species, abiotic stress and stress combination. Plant J., 2017, 90: 856-867 CrossRef
  18. Fichman Y., Mittler R. Rapid systemic signaling during abiotic and biotic stresses: is the ROS wave master of all trades? Plant J., 2020, 102: 887-896 CrossRef
  19. Del Rio L.A. ROS and RNS in plant physiology: an overview. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2015, 66: 2827-2837 CrossRef
  20. Caverzan A., Casassola A., Brammer S.P. Antioxidant responses of wheat plants under stress. Genet Mol. Biol., 2016, 39(1): 1-6 CrossRef
  21. You J., Chan Z. ROS regulation during abiotic stress responses in crop plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2015, 6: 1092 CrossRef
  22. Foyer C.H., Noctor G. Redox regulation in photosynthetic organisms: signaling, acclimation, and practical implications. Antioxid. Redox Signal., 2009, 11(4): 861-906 CrossRef
  23. Mur L.A.J., Aubry S., Mondhe M., Kingston-Smith A., Gallagher J., Timms-Taravella E., James C., Papp I., Hörtensteiner S., Thomas H., Ougham H. Accumulation of chlorophyll catabolites photosensitizes the hypersensitive response elicited by Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis. New Phytol., 2010, 188: 161-174 CrossRef
  24. Brouwer B., Ziolkowska A., Bagard M., Keech O., Gardeström P. The impact of light intensity on shade-induced leaf senescence. Plant Cell Environ., 2012, 35: 1084-1098 CrossRef
  25. Kitajima K., Hogan K.P. Increases of chlorophyll a/b ratios during acclimation of tropical woody seedlings to nitrogen limitation and high light. Plant Cell Environ., 2003, 26: 857-865 CrossRef
  26. Kalaji H.M., Jajoo A., Oukarroum A., Brestic M., Zivcak M., Samborska I.A., Cetner M.D., Łukasik I., Goltsev V., Ladle R.J. Chlorophyll a fluorescence as a tool to monitor physiological status of plants under abiotic stress conditions. Acta Physiol. Plant.,2016, 38: 102 CrossRef
  27. Kliment’ev A.I. Pochvy. Pochvennyy pokrov. Geograficheskiy atlas Orenburgskoy oblasti [Soils. Soil cover. Geographic atlas of the Orenburg region]. Moscow, 1999: 40-41 (in Russ.).
  28. Kononenko N.V., Baranova E.N., Dilovarova T.A., Akanov E.N., Fedoreyeva L.I. Oxidative damage to various root tissues and aerial parts of durum and soft wheat seedlings during chloride salinity. Agriculture, 2020,10: 55-71 CrossRef
  29. Hu X., Tanaka A., Tanaka R. Simple extraction methods that prevent the artifactual conversion of chlorophyll to chlorophyllide during pigment isolation from leaf samples. Plant Methods, 2013, 9: 19 CrossRef
  30. Fedoreyeva L.I., Sobolev D.E., Vanyushin B.F. Wheat endonuclease WEN1 dependent on S-adenosyl-L-methionine and sensitive to DNA methylation status. Epigenetics, 2007, 2: 50-53 CrossRef
  31. Fedoreyeva L.I., Lazareva E.M., Shelepova O.V., Baranova E.N., Kononenko N.V.Salt induced autotophagy and programmed cell death in wheat. Agronomy, 2022, 12: 2161-2181 CrossRef
  32. Zyalalov A.A., Gazizov I.S., Ionenko I.F. Doklady akademii nauk, 1994, 336: 712-713 (in Russ.).
  33. Deinlein U., Stephan A.B., Horie T., Luo W., Xu G., Schroeder J.I. Plant salt-tolerance mechanisms. Trends Plant Sci., 2014, 19: 371-379 CrossRef
  34. Gree B.R., Hichersky E., Kloppstech K. Chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins: an extended family. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 1991, 16: 181-186 CrossRef
  35. Mehta P., Jajoo A., Mathur S., Bharti S. Chlorophyll a fluorescence study revealing effects of high salt stress on Photosystem II in wheat leaves. Plant Physiol. Biochem.,2010, 48: 16-20 CrossRef
  36. Jiang C., Belfield E., Cao Y., Smith J., Harberd N. An Arabidopsis soil-salinity-tolerance mutation confers ethylene-mediated enhancement of sodium/potassium homeostasis. Plant Sell, 2013, 25: 3535-3352 CrossRef
  37. Mancini A., Buschini A., Maria Restivo F.M., Rossi C., Poli P.Oxidative stress as DNA damage in different transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Sci., 2006, 170: 845-852 CrossRef
  38. Geng Y., Rui Wu R., Wee Ch., Xie F., Wei X., Chan P., Tham C., Duan L., Dinnenya J. A spatio-temporal understanding of growth regulation during the salt stress response in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell, 2013, 25: 2132-2154 (doi: 10.1105/tpc.113.112896).
  39. Deinlein U., Stephan A., Horie T., Luo W., Xu G., Schroeder J. Plant salt-tolerance mechanisms. Trends Plant Sci., 2014, 19: 371-379 CrossRef
  40. Papini A. Investigation of morphological features of autophagy during plant programmed cell death. Methods Mol. Biol., 2018, 1743: 9-19 CrossRef
  41. Fuchs Y., Steller H. Live to die another way: modes of programmed cell death and the signals emanating from dying cells. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2015, 16: 329-344 CrossRef
  42. Shi H., Lee B.H., Wu S.J., Zhu J.K. Overexpression of a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter gene improves salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat. Biotechnol., 2003, 21: 81-85 CrossRef

 

back

 


CONTENTS

 

 

Full article PDF (Rus)

Full article PDF (Eng)