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Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2019, Vol. 54, № 3, p. 458-468.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2019.3.458eng

UDC: 633.72:581.1:58.056

Acknowledgements:
Supported financially by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 18-76-10001

 

PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND GENETIC FACTORS OF THE TEA PLANT Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze RESPONSE TO DROUGHT (review)

L.S. Samarina, A.V. Ryndin, L.S. Malyukova, M.V. Gvasaliya,
V.I. Malyarovskaya

All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, 2/28, ul. Yana Fabritsiusa, Sochi, 354002 Russia, e-mail samarinalidia@gmail.com, ryndin@vniisubtrop.ru, malukovals@mail.ru (✉ corresponding author), m.v.gvasaliya@mail.ru, malyarovskaya@yandex.ru

ORCID:
Samarina L.S. orcid.org/0000-0002-0500-1198
Gvasaliya M.V. orcid.org/0000-0001-7394-4377
Ryndin A.V. orcid.org/000-0001-9640-4840
Malyarovskaya V.I. orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-8705
Malyukova L.S. orcid.org/0000-0003-1531-5745

Received February 9, 2019

 

The main constraint in the tea plants growth in the world is drought, which reduces the productivity of plantations by 15-45 % (R.M. Bhagat et al., 2010; R.D. Baruah et al., 2012). In this regard, physiological (M. Mukhopadhyay et al., 2014; T.K. Maritim et al., 2015) and molecular mechanisms (W.D. Wang et al, 2016; Y. Guo et al., 2017) drought tolerance of tea plants are a matter of great interest. The purpose of this review is to summarize the international experience of phenotyping and genotyping of tea drought response to create a comprehensive picture of the plant response to osmotic stress and to understand the reproducibility of response mechanisms in different climatic regions. During drought stress the main signaling role is played by abscisic, jasmonic and salicylic acids, as well as ethylene (S.C. Liu et al., 2016), the metabolic pathway of which includes cascades of physiological changes and involves response genes (T. Umezawa et al., 2010). It was reported that tea plants had increased expression of genes encoding cytokinin biosynthesis enzymes (trans-zeatin and cis-zeatin and isopentyniladine) under drought, and during recovery its expression decreased. It is assumed that an increase in cytokinin content may partially mitigate the negative effect of stress on photosynthetic apparatus and slow down leaf senescence induced by stress. An important adaptive response of tea plant to drought is an increase in the concentration of proline, glycine-betaine, mannitol and other osmolytes which neutralize reactive oxygen species, protect macromolecules from damage by free radicals, and maintain the osmotic potential of the cell (W.D. Wang et al., 2016). Under the drought in tea plant starch decomposes to glucose, and mannitol, trehalose, and sucrose contents increase. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly correlates with the accumulation of glucose, to prevent the negative effects of stress. In addition, it has been shown that many genes involved in the metabolism and signaling of phytohormones, osmolytes, antioxidants and carbohydrates are also involved in tolerance to osmotic stress (S. Gupta et al., 2013; Y. Guo et al., 2017). Several families of transcription factors play a crucial role in the regulation of tea response to drought in tea. In particular, 39 CsbHLH genes were identified with increased expression in drought conditions (X. Cui et al., 2018). From the NAC family, the CsNAC17 and CsNAC30 genes have been identified that can be used in the breeding for drought tolerance of tea (Y.-X. Wang et al., 2016). From the WRKY family, the CsWRKY2 gene has been identified which is involved in the mechanisms of protection from drought and can act as an activator or repressor of abscisic acid (ABA). From the DREB gene family, 29 CsDREB have been identified, which increase drought tolerance of tea through ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways and can act as a link between different biochemical networks in response to drought (M. Wang et al., 2017). From the HD-Zip family, Cshdz genes have been identified which are divided into 4 groups according to their functions, of which HD-Zip I and HD-Zip IV play the major role in drought response in tea (W. Shen et al., 2018). Of the HSP (HSF) family, 47 transcription factors were identified in tea, including 7 CsHSP90, 18 CsHSP70, and 22 CsHSP genes the expression of which increases resistance to oxidative stress, protection of photosystem II and stabilizes photosynthesis during drought (J. Chen et al., 2018). The transcription factors of the bZIP family also play the important role in ABA-mediated drought response. From the Dof family, 29 transcription factors were revealed in tea plants and their increased expression was shown in the resistant cultivars under drought. The important role of CsDof-22 in ABA biosynthesis has been revealed (H. Li et al., 2016). An increased expression of the SBP family CsSBP genes in tea plants led to assumption of its participation in signaling pathways involving ABA, gibberellic acid, and methyl jasmonate (P. Wang et al., 2018). The genes of the CsLOX1, CsLOX6 and CsLOX7 family of lipoxygenases in tea can also play an important role in drought response (J. Zhu et al., 2018). In addition, miRNA play an important role in gene regulation at transcription and translation level in tea plants (Y. Guo et al., 2017). Despite the great progress in the functional genomics of tea plant further research is needed to identify the location of various genes in regulatory networks and their impact in drought tolerance.

Keywords: tea plant, Camellia sinensis, drought, phytohormones, osmolytes, antioxidant system, transcription factors.

 

 

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