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Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2019, Vol. 54, № 3, p. 494-504.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2019.3.494eng

UDC: 632:632.937.15:579.64

Acknowledgements:
Supported financially by the project of applied research and experimental development (PNIER) batch 2017-14-579-0030 on the topic «Creation of microbiological preparations for expanding the adaptive capacity of agricultural crops for nutrition, resistance to stress and pathogens» (code of the application 2017-14-579-0030-013), Agreement No. 14.607.21.0178, a unique identifier RFMEFI60717X0178

 

POLYFUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF THE Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis INDUSTRIAL STRAIN 800/15

S.D. Grishechkina1, V.P. Ermolova1, T.K. Kovalenko2,
K.S. Antonets1, M.Е. Belousova1, V.V. Yaкhno1, A.A. Nizhnikov1

1All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 3, sh. Podbel’skogo, St. Petersburg, 196608 Russia, e-mail svetagrishechkina@mail.ru (✉ corresponding author), ermolovavalya1940@mail.ru, k.antonets@arriam.ru, m.belousova@arriam.ru, vyahno@yandex.ru, ant.nizhnicov@gmail.com;
2Far-Eastern Research Institute of Plant Protection, 42-a, ul. Mira, s. Kamen-Rybolov, Primorskii Krai, 692682 Russia, e-mail biometod@rambler.ru

ORCID:
Grishechkina S.D. orcid.org/0000-0002-4877-705X
Belousova M.V. orcid.org/0000-0002-2886-026X
Ermolova V.P. orcid.org/0000-0002-9473-8334
Yaкhno V.V. orcid.org/0000-0001-7953-3405
Kovalenko T.K. orcid.org/0000-0003-1432-4500
Nizhnikov A.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-3494
Antonets K.S. orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-2601

Received September 23, 2018

 

Crop losses caused by pests can reach 40-50 % and even more. Application of biological methods for regulation of the harmful species is promising and providing ecological safety. Biological preparations based on the living cultures of microorganisms and their metabolites meet these requirements. Currently, the crystal-forming bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is considered to be the most important species for production of biological insecticides, since this bacterium exhibits high specificity in relation to the target pathogens, safety for humans and the environment. At ARRIAM, the biological preparation based on the Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis (BtH1) 800/15 strain was developed. The strain was isolated from larvae of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa deсemlineаta Say.) in the Leningrad region, studied for culture-morphological, biochemical and serological properties and identified according to the classification of De Barjac and Bonnefoi. Sequencing of the genes encoding 16S RNA and B-subunit of the DNA-gyrase (GyrB) confirmed that the isolated strain 800/15 belongs to Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis. The BtH1 800/15 strain was deposited in the Russian Collection of Agricultural Microorganisms (RCAM) under the registration number 611 (Patent of the Russian Federation RU 2514211 C1 of 27.04.2014). This paper is the first to report that the BtH1 800/15-based biologicals increases the germination of seeds, the height of seedlings and the root length of various crops, and also revealed the inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the biological preparation based on the BtH1 800/15 strain has multifunctional properties including entomocidal activity against mass insect pests of crops, growth-stimulating effect on economically significant plant species and antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The preparation based on the BtH1 800/15 strain is a liquid that is easily diluted with water to the required concentration and contains the components of the cultural medium, spores and entomocidal exo- and endotoxins. The initial values of the biological activity of the preparation were as follows: titer was 3.5×109 CFU/ml, exotoxin content for the Musca domestica Linn. larvae in LC50 was 3.1 μl/g of feed, entomocidal activity for the larvae of the Colorado beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. in LC50 was 0,28 %. The paper presents the data of field trials of the effectiveness of the preparation carried out on different agricultural crops in the period of 2014-2017 in the Leningrad Region, Krasnodar and Primorsky Krai against phytophagous insects, the Colorado beetle (L. decemlineata Say.), the 28-spotted potato ladybird (Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Motsch.), the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.), the cabbage white and the small white (Pieris brassica L., P. rapae L.), cabbage moth (Barathra brassicae L.), gooseberry sawfly (Pteronidea ribesii Scop.), red spider mite (Tetranichus urtica Koch.) and whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum West.). Field tests demonstrated the effectiveness of this biological preparation against harmful phytophagous insects (66.7-100 %). The laboratory tests revealed that the preparation did not exhibit phytotoxicity, moreover, it showed a growth-stimulating effect on the seed germination (up to 32 %), as well as the height of seedlings and root length (up to 52 %). The efficacy of the preparation against phytopathogenous fungi did not exceed 54 % and was inferior to the preparation based on the BtH10 strain 56. The combined use of the biological preparation based on the BtH1 800/15 strain with the chemical insecticide Decis Extra, CE (emulsion concentrate) on potato against H. vigintioctomaculata Motsch. was very efficient (100 %) even if the application rates were reduced 2 and 3 times, respectively. This combination of biological and chemical insecticides is economically valuable and can be successfully used in potato fields when they are pest-infected, with the predominance of larvae of older ages and imago, which allows a significant reduction of the pesticide load. Overall, data obtained show that the biological preparation based on the Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis strain 800/15 has multifunctional properties, including entomocidal, antifungal and growth-stimulating activities, and is also promising for joint use with chemical insecticides.

Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis, phytophagous insects, phytopathogens, polyfunctional properties, entomocidal, antifungal and growth-stimulating activity.

 

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