Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2018, Vol. 53, ¹ 3, p. 570-577.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.3.570eng

UDC 633.16:581.5:631.41:546.56:57.087

 

ESTIMATION OF THE OPTIMAL Cu CONTENT IN DIFFERENT
SOIL TYPES BASED OF THE DYNAMIC MODEL FOR COPPER
ACCUMULATION IN ABOVE GROUND PARTS AND ROOTS
(ON THE EXAMPLE OF BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. PLANTS)

P.N. Tsygvintsev, L.I. Goncharova, K.V. Manin, V.M. Rachkova

All-Russian Research Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations, 109 km, Kievskoe sh., Kaluzhskaya Province, Obninsk, 249032 Russia, e-mail paul-gomel@mail.ru (✉ corresponding author), rirae70@gmail.com, maninkv@mail.ru, racvera@rambler.ru

ORCID:
Tsygvintsev P.N. orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-7447
Manin K.V. orcid.org/0000-0001-9057-0354
Goncharova L.I. orcid.org/0000-0002-6903-7755
Rachkova V.M. orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-3878

Received January 22, 2018

 

Copper is one of the essential microelements for both animals and plants and plays an important role in a number of physiological processes. However, it becomes toxic to plants when entering high concentrations. The urgency of the work to determine the optimum and critical levels of copper content in soils, especially in the agricultural production, is caused by permanent technogenic pollution of soils with heavy metals. An increase in the content of copper in soils can cause changes in biochemical processes in plants, their morphology, and, ultimately, reduce productivity. The construction of complex dynamic models of heavy metals entering plants is not always justified, since most of the coefficients can be obtained only in laboratory experiments under conditions which are very different from natural ones. In our experiment, it was shown that it is possible to determine optimal and critical levels of soil contamination by heavy metals on the basis of an analysis of the dynamics of their accumulation in different parts of plants. Optimal and critical levels of contamination of two types of soils (sod-podzolic and chernozem) with copper were determined based on the analysis of the dynamics of Cu accumulation in the above-ground and root parts of barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) in vegetation trials. The concentration of copper in barley plants remains relatively constant throughout the IV-IX stages of organogenesis (20-60 days from the date of emergence). The Cu accumulation in the roots of barley plants linearly followed its content in the soil, while the accumulation rate in the shoots decreases with increasing copper content in the soil. The double excess of Cu accumulation in barley roots on sod-podzolic soil as compared to chernozem is probably due to agrochemical characteristics of soils. A function is proposed that reflects the dependence of the copper content in the shoots on its concentration in plant roots, which has the form of the sum of the exponential accumulation function and the linear elimination function due to the operation of the active molecular transport system Cu in plants: Y = c × Xa + b  ×  X  × (a - 1)-1. Approximation of the experimental data by this function made it possible to determine its coefficients: a = 0.430±0.014; b = 0.020±0.005; c = 3.31±0.81. Analysis of the dynamics of copper accumulation in the shoot and root parts of plants made it possible to determine the concentration at which, according to Becker’s theory, a change takes place from the accumulative to the barrier type of metal accumulation, that is, the transition from increased accumulation of copper by a plant to protective mechanisms limiting the supply of metal. Optimum copper accumulation in barley plant was 7.6 mg/kg, with a total soil content of 3.5 and 6.9 mg kg for sod-podzolic soils and for chernozem, respectively. The calculated value of the «critical» concentration of copper in plant roots, at which its entry into the shoot due to passive transport and excretion due to active molecular transport mechanisms become equal, for barley is 650 mg/kg, and at this level the copper content in the shoot is 31 mg/kg. This level can be achieved with total soil Cu of 300 and 590 mg/kg for sod-podzolic soil and for chernozem, respectively.

Keywords: Hordeum vulgare L., barley, copper, sod-podzolic soil, chernozem, optimal level, critical level, dynamic model.

 

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