Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2018, Vol. 53, ¹ 3, p. 605-615.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.3.605eng

UDC 633.1:581.2:632.4

Acknowledgements:
Supported by Russian Science Foundation (project ¹ 14-26-00067)

 

FACTORS AFFECTING Alternaria APPEARANCE IN GRAINS IN EUROPEAN RUSSIA

Ph.B. Gannibal

All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations,3, sh. Podbel’skogo, St. Petersburg, 196608 Russia, e-mail fgannibal@vizr.spb.ru (✉ corresponding author)

ORCID:
Gannibal Ph.B. orcid.org/0000-0002-7944-5461

Received June 29, 2017

 

Infection of cereal seeds induced by fungi of the genus Alternaria is very common. There are different opinions about the damage of Alternaria spp. probably because of the fact that these fungi are not a homogenous group. It is rational and available at this moment to identify Alternaria fungi isolated from the grain samples up to the section level only. Members of two sections, Alternaria and Infectoriae, are the most widespread. Our work was aimed to reveal impact of a number of factors on Alternaria infection rate in cereal grain using relatively extensive data. We studied significance of the crop, its cultivar, predecessor, region, district, season, infestation by other Alternaria species and by fungal species of some another genera. During this research, 422 grain samples of wheat, barley, sorghum and maize collected in 2010-2012 in seven regions of European part of Russia were analyzed. The majority of samples represented wheat grain from Stavropolskii Kray and Krasnodarskii Kray (southern Russia regions). Meteorological factors played the principal role in infection. A district in different years and neighbouring districts during one growing season were characterized by highly divergent (p < 0,001) Alternaria infection rate of wheat and barley grain. In Alternaria, infection rate ranged from 7.0 to 71.5 % for sect. Alternaria, and from 8.6 to 74.0 % for sect. Infectoriae. Grain of all wheat and barley cultivars were similarly greatly infected by Alternaria fungi (p was equal to 0.6-0.9 for section Alternaria and 0.1-0.5 for section Infectoriae). As it was previously shown, rye and oat usually are infected as much as wheat and barley. Maize has several tough and thick husk leaves around the cob that likely protect the grain against Alternaria infection. We did not observe a significant impact of predecessors (maize, sunflower, sugar beet, winter wheat and fallow) on the infection rate in the wheat grain samples. Correlation of A. sect. Alternaria infection of wheat and barley grain with appearance of Bipolaris sorokiniana and Pyrenophora spp. was negative and moderate (r = -0.69 and -0.61, respectively). The same pattern was found for coinfection of Alternaria sect. Infectoriae with Bipolaris sorokiniana (r = -0.64) and Pyrenophora spp.  (r = -0.61). However, species of Alternaria sect. Alternaria did not significantly affect infestation of wheat and barley by Alternaria sect. Infectoriae fungi, and vice versa. Difference between germinability of seeds infected by Alternaria and those free from Alternaria fungi was statistically insignificant. On average, the fungal contamination of germinable and ungerminable seeds differed by -1.6 % within Alternaria sect. and by +2.1 % within Infectoriae sect.

Keywords: Alternaria alternata, A. tenuissima, A. infectoria, grain infection rate, germinability, wheat, barley.

 

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