Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2017, Vol. 52, № 3, p. 544-552.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2017.3.544eng

UDC 633.18:631.522/.524:575.2:58.051(574)

 

ESTIMATION AND SELECTION OF PARENTAL FORMS FOR
BREEDING KAZAKHSTAN SALT TOLERANT RICE VARIETIES

D.S. Batayeva1, B.N. Usenbekov2, A.B. Rysbekova3,
Zh.M. Mukhina4, D.T. Kazkeyev5, Ye.A. Zhanbyrbayev5,
I.A. Sartbayeva2, S.V. Garkusha4, S.A. Volkova6

1Kazakh State Women's Pedagogical University, 99, Aiteke Bi str., Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan 050000, e-mail dariga_2382@mail.ru;
2Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, 45, Timiryazev str., Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan 050040, e-mail gen_dauren@mail.ru;
3Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, 62, Pobeda str., Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan 010000, e-mail aiman_rb@mail.ru;
4All-Russiaт Rice Research Institute, Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations, 3, Belozernii, Krasnodar, Russia 350921, e-mail agroplazma@gmail.com (corresponding author);
5Kazakh National Agrarian University, 8, Abay av., Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan 050010, e-mail eldos_83@mail.ru;
6Kuban State Agrarian University, 13, ul. Kalinina, Krasnodar, Russia 350044,
e-mail mail@kubsau.ru

ORCID:
Batayeva D.S. orcid.org/0000-0002-2577-1894
Usenbekov B.N. orcid.org/0000-0002-0951-1275
Rysbekova A.B. orcid.org/0000-0001-5253-3464
Mukhina Zh.M. orcid.org/0000-0003-3557-1615
Kazkeyev D.T. orcid.org/0000-0003-3597-7594
Zhanbyrbayev  Ye.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-4076-8108
Sartbayeva I.A. orcid.org/0000-0001-7090-9373
Garkusha S.V. orcid.org/0000-0002-3974-9153
Volkova S.A. orcid.org/0000-0003-1617-0592

Received October 4, 2016

 

About 25 % of the entire land surface is represented by saline soils, and up to 90 % of the total irrigated area — in some regions of Central Asia and the Caucasus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Rice-growing region of the Republic of Kazakhstan is also located in the area with high salinity. A challenge for rice growing in Kazakhstan is deteriorating humus and reclamation of soil, rise in soil secondary salinity and degradation. In Kyzylorda region, pollution of surface (up to 3-5 g/l) and ground water (up to 6-7 g/l) by salt residues reaches a critical point. The dominating sulfate-chloride-sodium type of salinity is especially toxic for crops. Akdalinski and Karatal zones of irrigation in the Almaty region are also located within the provinces of sulfate-soda and boric biogeochemical soil salinity. According the data of Kazakh Rice Research Institute, in recent years the rice yields and yield quality have sharply decreased — from 50 to 35-48 centners per hectare, and from 65 to 45-50 % of the groats output, respectively. In this regard, the rice breeding for salt tolerance is the most important to ensure food security in Kazakhstan. The objective of our study was the evaluation and selection a promising starting material of rice resistant to different types of salinity. To this end, we studied the rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, collection samples and their hybrid combinations of different generations derived from Russia, Kazakhstan and Philippine (34 genotypes in total). For the initial assessment at the seedling stage we used the laboratory screening for tolerance to various types of salinity, i.e. chloride, sulphate and carbonate. Saline stress negatively affected seedling growth and total weight in the studied samples. It was revealed that the carbonate type of salinity is the most toxic for rice plants; the chloride and sulfate types were less adverse. The hybrid collection sample F2 Khankai 429 × 4-09 and as well as varieties Marzhan and Madina accumulated the highest percentage of biomass compared to the control at the salinity of all three types. Therefore, these genotypes are valuable in selection for salt tolerance. Molecular screening of chromosomal DNA regions linked to quantitative trait loci of salt tolerance (Saltol QTL) by PCR with microsatellite markers closely linked to the target chromosomal regions, RM 493 and AP 3206, showed RM 493 to produce polymorphism which allowed to distinguish the studied genotypes contrasting in salt tolerance. Thus RM 493 is informative to rank the rice genetic plasma by salt tolerance.

Keywords: Oryza sativa L., rice, chloride salinity, sulfate salinization, carbonate salinity, molecular screening for salt tolerance, SSR markers, selection.

 

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