Сельскохозяйственная биология, 2010, № 3, с. 46-48.

УДК 635.64:631.524.86:575.1

ESTIMATION OF BIORESOURCE POTENTIAL IN VARIANTS OF TOMATO MARKER MUTANTS ON RESISTANCE TO DISEASES

N.A. Ursul, I.T. Balashova, V.F. Pivovarov

In 11 marker tomato variants on natural infectious background the authors have estimated the resistance to Alternaria solani Sor., Botrytis cinerea Pers. and Phytophthora infestans (as a standard — Craigella Tm1/Tm1 variant, resistant to TMV and some fungi). The variants were revealed, which are tolerance to complex of pathogens and may be of interest as genetic resource of tomato resistance to biotic stresses.

Key words: marker mutants of tomato, disease resistance.

Gene and chromosome mutations are the main source of genetic variability, a basis for evolution and genotype improvement during the selection (Bryubeyker, 1); this is a "raw" material for recombination of traditional lines. Currently, monogenic mutants are increasingly being used as new sources of germplasm in breeding programs on varieties improvement. Creating and maintenance of identified genetic collections of individuals carrying genes providing the commercially valuable properties is an important condition for obtaining the suitable source material necessary for raising the adaptability of agricultural plants.

Depending on a problem, all known crop varieties have to be revised by a breeder searching for a suitable germplasm, and a success of this work depends on how much detailed information was found about each object. Before using the obtained mutants in breeding plants, it primarily takes to learn its habitat, survival and reproduction, its standard genetic response to environmental and agronomic factors. The manifestation of a mutant determinant can be greatly influenced by growing conditions, and the level of this phenotypic expression should be estimated in the presumable test conditions before using mutants in genetic and breeding experiments (1).

 Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) has the great heterogeneity of phenotypic manifestations its mutant determinants, and using the mutant genofund can help the solution of many particular breeding problems. Beside the characteristics helping identification of mutants, the economically valuable properties are of importance as well. Most of the mutants can be widely used as important sources of commercially valuable properties in breeding practice (2-5).

In this regard, the purpose of our work was to reproduce the genetic marker variants from the genetic collection of tomato and to evaluate their resistance to phytopathogens in natural infectious background.

Methods. The object of study were 11 tomato variants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) from the collection of marker mutants (6) maintained in the laboratory of gamete and molecular methods of selection, the All-Russia SRI of Plant Breeding and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops (VNIISSOK, Moscow reg.). As a control, the greenhouse sample Craigella Tm1/Tm1 was used (the standard of resistance to TMV and some fungi, obtained from the collection of the N.I.Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry, St. Petersburg).

The variants’ stability was determined upon the complex evaluation of  pathogenic lesion, which was performed using the standard method optimized by researchers (7) in September 25 - the end of vegetation season (timed to the highest lesion manifestation in natural infectious background).

The results were processed by common methods of variance analysis (8), using Microsoft Excel 2003 application software.

Results. In most of the variants, all the marker characteristics were clearly morphologically manifested (2-3 points). The viral infection symptoms on leaves were not observed, but the obvious fungi emergence was detected: Alternaria solani Sor. and Botrytis cinerea Pers had the greatest distribution, as well Phytophthora infestans DB at the end of vegetation (see Table).

Have analyzed the complex evaluation of fungi lesion in the studied mutant variants, we found the minimum level in three forms  - Mo 73, Mo 304 and Mo 329 , which allows to conclude their significantly higher resistance to the complex of pathogens - A. solani Sor., Ph. infestans DB and B. cinerea Pers.

Thus, the marker tomato variants Mo 73, Mo 304 and Mo 329 from the collection of the All-Russian SRI of Plant Breeding and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops can be considered as promising genetic resources of resistance to biotic stresses.

REFERENCES

1. Z h u ch e n k o A.A. Genetika tomatov. Kishinev, 1973.
2. B o ch a r n i k o v a N.I. Kollektsiya mutantnykh obraztsov tomata. V sb.: Geneticheskie kollektsii ovoshchnykh rastenii /Pod red. V.A. Dragavtseva. SPb, 2001, ch. 3: 104-131.
3. Z h u ch e n k o A.A. Ekologicheskaya genetika kul'turnykh rastenii i problemy agrosfery (teoriya i praktika). M., 2004, t. I.
4. K u z e m e n s k i i A.V. Selektsionno-geneticheskie issledovaniya mutantnykh form tomata. Khar'kov, 2004.
5. P i v o v a r o v V.F., B a l a s h o v a I.T., B a l a s h o v a N.N.,
K o z a r ' E.G., S k v o r t s o v a R.V., M a m e d o v M.I.,
P y s h n a ya O.N., G u r k i n a L.K., B e s p a l ' k o A.V., U r s u l N.A.,
P i n ch u k E.V., P o l e t a e v a I.A. Selektsionnye tekhnologii, sozdannye vo VNII selektsii i semenovodstva ovoshchnykh kul'tur na osnove metodov molekulyarnogo analiza i selektsii po mikrogametofitu. S.-kh. biol., 2005, 3: 91-100.
6. B o ch a r n i k o v a N.I., K o z l o v a V.M. Mutantnye formy tomatov. Kishinev, 1992.
7. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po selektsii i semenovodstvu ovoshchnykh kul'tur, vozdelyvaemykh v zashchishchennom grunte (tomaty, perets). M., 1979.
8. D o s p e k h o v B.A. Metodika polevogo opyta. M., 1985.