PLANT BIOLOGY
ANIMAL BIOLOGY
SUBSCRIPTION
E-SUBSCRIPTION
 
MAP
MAIN PAGE

 

 

 

 

Rushanov A.A., Mirzayev V.A. Milk yield, composition and cheese quality in German and Israeli Holstein cows reared in Azerbaijan. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2025, Vol. 60, № 2, p. 309-318.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2025.2.309eng

UDC: 636.2.034:637.04:637.33

 

MILK YIELD, COMPOSITION AND CHEESE QUALITY IN GERMAN AND ISRAELI HOLSTEIN COWS REARED IN AZERBAIJAN

A.A. Rushanov1✉, V.A. Mirzayev2

1Nakhchivan State University, University Campus, Nakhchivan city, Republic of Azerbaijan, AZ7012, e-mail rusanov_66@mail.ru (✉  corresponding author);
2Azerbaijan State Agrarian University, Ataturk avenue 450, Ganja city, Republic of Azerbaijan, Az2000, e-mail
vs.mirzayev@gmail.com

Rushanov A.A. orcid.org/0009-0000-7804-1839
Mirzayev V.A. orcid.org/0009-0008-4849-5790

Final revision received October 10, 2024

Accepted February 16, 2025

Determination of the complex index of breeding traits in cattle is becoming increasingly important both for selection and for preserving their local populations. Along with quantitative indicators of milk production, the milk quality indicators in the complex assessment of cattle are inclusion practiced. High-tech processes of industrial milk processing and a wide range of dairy products increase the requirements for the raw materials used. National selection indices of Holstein cattle differ in the specific weight of some productivity indicators, while there are significant differences between countries in the organization of the selection process. The selection index in Israel does not comprise the duration of productive use, while in Germany the contribution of this feature is 40 %. This determines the interest in the experimental comparison of quantitative and qualitative features of milk productivity in groups of cattle of different origin, including the seasonal dependence of indicators in local conditions. Here, for the first time we assessed the yield and quality of milk and the quality of mature cheese produced from seasonal milk in Holstein cows of German and Israeli selection under the conditions of Azerbaijan. The aim of the study was a comparative study of milk productivity indicators, composition, quality of milk and cheese obtained from Holstein cows of different origin. The studies were carried out at ASK Livestock (Sheki district, Azerbaijan) in 2023 on 2 groups of cows: first-calf cows of German selection with over 87.5% Holstein blood and first-calf cows of Israeli selection with 87.5%. Holstein blood. The indicators of milk productivity, milk composition and properties, vitamin C content, amino acid and fatty acid composition, and physicochemical composition of mature cheese were assessed. Cows of Israeli selection, compared to the control animals, had higher milk yields for 305-day lactation (8248 vs 6951 kg of milk at p ≤ 0.001), their milk had a higher protein content (3.39 vs 3.23 % at p ≤ 0.001), milk fat yield (317 vs 269 kg at p ≤ 0.001), protein (279 vs 224 kg at p ≤ 0.001), low content of saturated and high content of unsaturated fatty acids, an increase in the total amount of amino acids (92.26 vs 86.56% at p ≤ 0.001). The richest chemical, amino acid and fatty acid composition of milk obtained from animals of Israeli selection and optimal milk processing indicators made it possible to obtain a high-quality processed product in the form of cheese. The knowledge obtained may be useful in developing a selection index for evaluating pedigree dairy cattle of different origins.

Keywords: breeding, Holstein cows, udder index, milk yield, milk components, amino acid profile, fatty acid profile, cheese-making suitability, cheese quality.

 

REFERENCES

  1. Kosyachenko N.M., Abramova M.V., Il’ina A.V., Zyryanova S.V., Konovalov A.V., Kosourova T.N. Golshtinskaya poroda v sozdanii uluchshennykh genotipov i vnutriporodnykh tipov krupnogo rogatogo skota [Holstein breed in the creation of improved genotypes and intra-breed types of cattle]. Yaroslavl’, 2020 (in Russ.).
  2. Mudarisov R.M., Khakimov I.N., Semenov V.G., Kul’makova N.I. Izvestiya Samarskoy gosudarstvennoy sel’skokhozyaystvennoy akademii, 2020, 3: 32-39 (doi: 10.12737/38766) (in Russ.).
  3. Miglior F., Muir B.L., Van Doormaal B.J. Selection indices in Holstein cattle of various countries. J. Dairy Sci., 2005, 88(3): 1255-1263 (doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72792-2).
  4. Cole J.B., VanRaden P.M. Symposium review: Possibilities in an age of genomics: The future of selection indices. J. DairySci., 2018, 101(4): 3686-3701 (doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13335).
  5. Lyashenko V.V., Sitnikova I.V. Niva Povolzh’ya, 2014, 3(32): 100-106 (in Russ.).
  6. İsraeliHolstein bulls catalogue 2015. Available: http://www.sion-israel.com/articles/fil-es/3635046369.pdf. Accessed: 06/08/2024.
  7. Voronina O.A., Bogolyubova N.V., Zaitsev S.Yu. Mineral composition of cow milk — a mini review. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2022, 57(4): 681-693 (doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2022.4.681rus) (in Engl.).
  8. Foroutan A., Guo A.C., Vazquez-Fresno R., Lipfert M., Zhang L., Zheng J., Badran H., Budinski Z., Mandal R., Ametaj B.N., Wishart D.S. Chemical composition of commercial cow’s milk. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2019, 67(17): 4897-4914 (doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204).
  9. Zaytsev S.Yu., Kolesnik N.S., Bogolyubova N.V. Uchenye zapiski Kazanskoy gosudarstvennoy akademii veterinarnoy meditsiny im. N.E. Baumana, 2023, 255(3): 160-168 (doi 10.31588/2413_4201_1883_2_255_160) (in Russ.).
  10. Fan C., Su D., Tian H., Hu R., Ran L., Yang Y., Su Y., Cheng J. Milk production and composition and metabolic alterations in the mammary gland of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019, 18(12): 2844-2853 (doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62834-0).
  11. Lapierre H., Martineau R., Hanigan M.D., van Lingen H. J., Kebreab E., Spek J.W., Ouellet D.R. Impact of protein and energy supply on the fate of amino acids from absorption to milk protein in dairy cows. Animal, 2020, 14(S1): 87-102 (doi: 10.1017/S1751731119003173).
  12. Landi N., Ragucci S., Di Maro A. Amino acid composition of milk from cow, sheep and goat raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola, two localities of ‘Alto Casertano’ (Campania Region). Foods, 2021, 10(10): 2431 (doi: 10.3390/foods10102431).
  13. Gosteva E.R., Kozlova N.N. Izvestiya Gorskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 2018, 55(2): 54-57.
  14. Gorelik A. S., Temerbaeva M.V. Aminokislotnyy sostav moloka i syra v zavisimosti ot proiskhozhdeniya korov. Vse o myase, 2020, 5S: 85-88 (doi 10.21323/2071-2499-2020-5S-85-88) (in Russ.).
  15. Zemlyanukhina T.N. Vestnik Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 2016, 2(136): 82-85 (in Russ.).
  16. Pshendin P.I. Ratsional’noe pitanie sportsmenov [Rational nutrition for athletes]. St. Petersburg, 2000 (in Russ.).
  17. Lindmark-Månsson H., Åkesson B. Antioxidative factors in milk. British Journal of Nutrition, 2000, 84(S1): 103-110 (doi: 10.1017/s0007114500002324).
  18. Vapirov V.V., Vapirova N.V., Nasonova S.P. Uchenye zapiski Petrozavodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2018, 8(177): 101-104 (in Russ.).
  19. Savina A.A., Voronina O.A., Zaytsev S.Yu. Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka, 2023, 24(5): 858-867 (doi 10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.5.858-867) (in Russ.).
  20. Mauric M., Masek T., Ljoljic D.B., Grbavac J., Starcevic K. Effects of different variants of the FASN gene on production performance and milk fatty acid composition in Holstein ½ Simmental dairy cows. Veterinarníi Medicína,2019, 64(3): 101-108 (doi: 10.17221/73/2018-VETMED).
  21. Kęsek M., Szulc T., Zielak-Steciwko A. Genetic, physiological and nutritive factors affecting the fatty acid profile in cows’ milk — a review. Animal Science Papers and Reports,2014, 32(2): 95-105.
  22. Temme E.H.M., Menskink R.P., Hornstra G. Effects of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), myristic, and oleicacid on seru lipoproteins in healthy subjects. Journal of Lipid Research, 1997, 38(9): 1746-1754.
  23. Haug A., Hostmark A.T., Harstad O.M. Bovine milk in human nutrition — a review. Lipids in Health and Disease,2007, 6: 25 (doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-6-25).
  24. Markiewicz-Keszycka M., Czyzak-Runowska G., Lipinska P., Wojtowski J. Fatty acid profile of milk a review. Bulletin of Veterinary Institute in Pulawy,2013, 57: 135-139.
  25. Mungali M., Sharma N., Gauri. Caprylic/capric triglyceride. In: Naturally occurring chemicals against Alzheimer's disease. Academic Press, 2021: 139-146 (doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819212-2.00011-6).
  26. Gong M., Wei W., Hu Y., Jin Q., Wang X. Structure determination of conjugated linoleic and linolenic acids. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2020, 1153: 122292 (doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122292).
  27. Berry D.P., Howard D., O’Boyle P., Waters S., Kearney J.F., Mccabe M. Associations between the K232A polymorphism in the diacylglycerol-O-transferase 1 (DGAT1) gene and performance in Irish Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 2010, 49(1): 1-9.
  28. Bordonaro S., Tumino S., Marletta D., De Angelis A., Di Paola F., Avondo M., Valenti B. Effect of GH p.L127V polymorphism and feeding systems on milk production traits and fatty acid composition in Modicana cows. Animals, 2020, 10(9): 1651 (doi: 10.3390/ani10091651).
  29. Gorelik A.S., Yarmukhamedova E.I., Sharipova A.F., Gazeev I.R., Kanareikina S.G. Comparative evaluation of composition and properties of milk from cows of different breeds in cheese production. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021, 677(2): 022109 (doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/677/2/022109).
  30. Serrapica F., Masucci F., Di Francia A., Napolitano F., Braghieri A., Esposito G., Romano R. Seasonal variation of chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and sensory properties of a mountain pecorino cheese. Foods, 2020, 9(8): 1091 (doi: 10.3390/foods9081091).
  31. Krupin E.O., Gaynullina M.K., Shakirov Sh.K., Khoggui M. Agrarnaya nauka, 2023, 6: 39-44 (doi: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-371-6-39-44).
  32. Baeva Z.T., Tedtova V.V., Kokaeva M.G. Industriya pitaniya, 2017, 1: 29-37 (in Russ.).
  33. Di Grigoli A., Ponte M., Bonanno A., Maniaci G., Alabiso M. Effects of grazing season on physico-chemical characteristics and fatty acids of nutritional interest of Caciocavallo Palermitano cheese. Animals, 2022, 12(5): 544 (doi: 10.3390/ani12050544).
  34. Milewski S., Ząbek K., Antoszkiewicz Z., Tański Z., Sobczak A. Impact of production season on the chemical composition and health properties of goat milk and rennet cheese. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 2018, 30(2): 107-114 (doi: 10.9755/ejfa.2018.v30.i2.1602).
  35. Di Trana A., Di Rosa A.R., Addis M., Fiori M., Di Grigoli A., Morittu V.M., Spina A.A., Claps S., Chiofalo V., Licitra G., Todaro M. The quality of five natural, historical Italian cheeses produced in different months: gross composition, fat-soluble vitamins, fatty acids, total phenols, antioxidant capacity, and health index. Animals, 2022, 12(2): 199 (doi: 10.3390/ani12020199).
  36. Paszczyk B., Polak-Śliwińska M., Zielak-Steciwko A.E. Chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and lipid quality indices in commercial ripening of cow cheeses from different seasons. Animals, 2022, 12(2): 198 (doi: 10.3390/ani12020198).

 

back

 


CONTENTS

 

Full article PDF (Rus)