PLANT BIOLOGY
ANIMAL BIOLOGY
SUBSCRIPTION
E-SUBSCRIPTION
 
MAP
MAIN PAGE

 

 

 

 

Vertiprakhov V.G., Polina S.I., Sedletskaya E.S., Sergeenkova N.A. Effects of intramuscularly injected trypsin on hematological and hemodynamic parameters in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus subsp. domesticus). Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2024, Vol. 59, № 2, p. 366-374.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2024.2.366eng

UDC: 636.92:577.12:616.15

Acknowledgements:
Supported financially by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 23-26-00124 “Development of a method for reducing pain during intramuscular injection of trypsin to animals”

 

EFFECTS OF INTRAMUSCULARLY INJECTED TRYPSIN ON HEMATOLOGICAL AND HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS IN RABBITS (Oryctolagus cuniculus subsp. domesticus)

V.G. Vertiprakhov ✉, S.I. Polina, E.S. Sedletskaya, N.A. Sergeenkova

Timiryazev Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Agrarian Academy, 49, ul. Timiryazevskaya, Moscow, 127550 Russia, e-mail Vertiprakhov63@mail.ru (✉ corresponding author), polina_sveta.93@bk.ru, sedletskaya@internet.ru, nsergeenkova@rgau-msha.ru

ORCID:
Vertiprakhov V.G. orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-7636
Sedletskaya E.S. orcid.org/0000-0002-4798-8971
Polina S.I. orcid.org/0009-0002-7016-8944
Sergeenkova N.A. orcid.org/0000-0001-8769-951X

Final revision received October 20, 2023
Accepted November 08, 2023

 

The role of trypsin as a hormone-like substance in animals and human is extremely relevant in searching for pharmaceutical drugs to optimize metabolisms. Trypsin is currently undeservedly forgotten and rarely used in veterinary and medical practice. it should also be remembered that crystalline trypsin has a side effect, since its intramuscular injection is painful. In the present work, we evaluated blood morphobiochemical and blood circulation parameters in rabbits intramuscularly injected with trypsin diluted with physiological solution or lidocaine. Experiments were performed by the group-period method. All animals were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (control) received 0.5 ml intramuscular trypsin (0.25 mg/kg bodyweight) diluted with saline S (0.01 g trypsin + 5.0 ml PS).   Group 2 received 0.5 ml intramuscular trypsin (0.25 mg/kg bodyweight) diluted with 2.0 % lidocaine/ Group 3 was injected with 0.5 ml of 2 % lidocaine. There were three periods in each experiment. Prior to treatments, we measured blood arterial pressure (BP) using a petMAP graphic II tonometer (Ramsey Medical, Inc., USA), heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) by the phonendoscopy method. After the injections, BP, HR and RR were measured immediately, and we repeatedly measured these parameters 30 min after intramuscular injections. The results showed that the effect of trypsin on blood circulation in rabbits resulted from a decrease in heart rate, regardless of the diluent. This effect is stronger with lidocaine because lidocaine itself can reduce heart rate. Crystal trypsin diluted with saline and injected intramuscularly increases blood trypsin activity by 14.1 % compared to the control (p < 0.05). When trypsin is diluted with lidocaine to reduce the pain response to injection, several blood biochemical parameters change which is presumably a lidocaine effect. Glucose concentration decreases by 61.1 % (p < 0.05), triglycerides by 30.0 % (p < 0.05), alkaline phosphatase activity by 32.2 % (p < 0.05) vs. control. There were no significant changes if saline was a diluent. Therefore, lidocaine as a diluent for crystalline trypsin affects blood parameters that are involved to energy metabolism. This can reduce the positive effect of trypsin on metabolism in animals.

Keywords: trypsin, lidocaine, Oryctolagus cuniculus subsp. domesticus, rabbits, blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate, blood morpho-biochemical parameters.

 

REFERENCES

  1. Luo W., Wang Y., Reiser G. Protease-activated receptors in the brain: receptor expression, activation, and functions in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Brain Res Rev., 2007, 56(2): 331-345 CrossRef
  2. Ramachandran R., Hollenberg M.D. Proteinases and signalling: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications via PARs and more. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2008, 153: 263-282 CrossRef
  3. Trzebiatowski L., Georgiev P., Wehrend A. Trypsin-Inhibitor-Aktivität im Kolostrum — eine Übersicht [Trypsin-inhibitor activity in colostrum — an overview]. Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere, 2022. 50(4): 258-264 CrossRef
  4. Vertiprakhov V.G., Selionova M.I., Malorodov V.V., Laptev G.Yu., Ilyina L.A. Milk trypsin clear increases under bovine mastitis simultaneously with inflammation gene expression. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2023, 58(4): 685-699 CrossRef
  5. Koshikawa N., Hasegawa S., Nagashima Y., Mitsuhashi K., Tsubota Y., Miyata S., Miyagi Y., Yasumitsu H., Miyazaki K. Expression of trypsin by epithelial cells of various tissues, leukocytes, and neurons in human and mouse. Am. J. Pathol., 1998, 153(3): 937-944 CrossRef
  6. Alm A.K., Gagnemo-Persson R., Sorsa T., Sundelin J. Extra-pancreatic trypsin-2 cleaves proteinase-activated receptor-2. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2000, 275(1): 77-83 CrossRef
  7. Cottrell G.S., Coelho A.M., Bunnett N.W. Protease-activated receptors: the role of cell surface proteolysis in signal transduction. Essays Biochem., 2002, 38: 169-183 CrossRef
  8. Julovi S.M., McKelvey K., Minhas N., Chan Y.A., Xue M., Jackson C.J. Involvement of PAR-2 in the induction of cell-specific matrix metalloproteinase-2 by activated protein c in cutaneous wound healing. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2024, 25(1): 370 CrossRef
  9. Hara T., Sata M., Fukuda D. Emerging roles of protease-activated receptors in cardiometabolic disorders. Journal of Sardiology, 2023, 81(4): 337-346 CrossRef
  10. Hollenberg M.D., Mihara K., Polley D., Suen J.Y., Han A., Fairlie D.P., Ramachandran R. Biased signalling and proteinase-activated receptors (PARs): targeting inflammatory disease. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2014, 171(5): 1180-1194 CrossRef
  11. Zhu J., Miao X.R., Tao K.M., Zhu H., Liu Z.Y., Yu D.W., Chen Q.B., Qiu H.B., Lu Z.J. Trypsin-protease activated receptor-2 signaling contributes to pancreatic cancer pain. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(37): 61810-61823 CrossRef
  12. Vertiprakhov V.G., Grozina A.A. Veterinariya, 2018, 6: 51-54 CrossRef (in Russ.).
  13. Vertiprakhov V.G., Polina S.I., Sedletskaya E.S., Sadykhov E.F. Veterinariya i kormlenie, 2023, 5: 15-18 CrossRef (in Russ.).
  14. Nartikova V.F., Paskhina T.S. Bioorganicheskaya khimiya, 1975, 1(3): 340-346 (in Russ.).
  15. Loginova O.O., Kholyavka M.G., Artyukhov V.G. Biofarmatsevticheskiy zhurnal, 2015, 2: 13-16 (in Russ.).
  16. Koroleva V.A., Sakibaev F.A., Shelomentseva T.N., Kholyavka M.G., Artyukhov V.G. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: khimiya. biologiya. farmatsiya, 2018, 3: 58-63 (in Russ.).
  17. Damasceno I.Z., Melo K.R.B., Nascimento F.D., Souza D.S.P., Araujo M.S., Souza S.E.G., Sampaio M.U., Nader H.B., Tersariol I.L.S., Motta G. Bradykinin release avoids high molecular weight kininogen endocytosis. PLoS ONE, 2015 10(3): e0121721 CrossRef
  18. Coelho A.M., Ossovskaya V., Bunnett N.W. Proteinase-activated receptor-2: physiological and pathophysiological roles. Curr. Med. Chem. Cardiovasc. Hematol. Agents, 2003, 1(1): 61-72 CrossRef
  19. Leeb-Lundberg L.M.F., Marceau F., Muller-Esterl W., Pettibone D.J., Zuraw B.L. International Union of Pharmacology. XLV. Classification of the kinin receptor family: from molecular mechanisms to pathophysiological consequences. Pharmacological Reviews, 2005, 57(1): 27-77 CrossRef
  20. Higashida H., Straight R.A., Klee W., Nirenberg M. Bradykinin-activated transmembrane signals are coupled via No or Ni to production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, a second messenger in NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1986, 83(4): 942-946 CrossRef
  21. Bunn P.A. Jr., Chan D., Dienhart D.G., Tolley R., Tagawa M., Jewett P.B. Neuropeptide signal transduction in lung cancer: clinical implications of bradykinin sensitivity and overall heterogeneity. Cancer Res., 1992, 52(1): 24-31.
  22. Palmer R.M., Ferridge A.G., Moncada S. Nitric oxide release explains the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature, 1987, 327(6122): 524-526 CrossRef
  23. Mancia G., De Backer G., Dominiczak A., Cifkova R., Fagard R., Germano G., Grassi G., Heagerty A.M., Kjeldsen S.E., Laurent S., Narkiewicz K., Ruilope L., Rynkiewicz A., Schmieder R.E., Struijker Boudier H.A., Zanchetti A., Vahanian A., Camm J., De Caterina R., Dean V., Dickstein K., Filippatos G., Funck-Brentano C., Hellemans I., Kristensen S.D., McGregor K., Sechtem U., Silber S., Tendera M., Widimsky P., Zamorano J.L., Kjeldsen S.E., Erdine S., Narkiewicz K., Kiowski W., Agabiti-Rosei E., Ambrosioni E., Cifkova R., Dominiczak A., Fagard R., Heagerty A.M., Laurent S., Lindholm L.H., Mancia G., Manolis A., Nilsson P.M., Redon J., Schmieder R.E., Struijker-Boudier H.A., Viigimaa M., Filippatos G., Adamopoulos S., Agabiti-Rosei E., Ambrosioni E., Bertomeu V., Clement D., Erdine S., Farsang C., Gaita D., Kiowski W, Lip G., Mallion J.M., Manolis A.J., Nilsson P.M., O'Brien E., Ponikowski P., Redon J., Ruschitzka F., Tamargo J., van Zwieten P., Viigimaa M., Waeber B., Williams B., Zamorano J.L., The task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension, The task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology. 2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Heart Journal, 2007, 28(12): 1462-1536 CrossRef
  24. Khursa R.V. Meditsinskie novosti, 2013, 4: 13-18 (in Russ.).
  25. Walker K., Perkins M., Dray A. Kinins and kinin receptors in the nervous system. Neurochem. Int., 1995. 26(1): 1-26 CrossRef
  26. Vertiprakhov V.G., Ovchinnikova N.V. The activity of trypsin in the pancreatic juice and blood of poultry increases simultaneously in the postprandial period. Frontiers in Physiology, 2022, 13: 874664 CrossRef
  27. Fisinin V.I., Vertiprakhov V.G., Titov V.Yu., Grozina A.A. Rossiyskiy fiziologicheskiy zhurnal im. I.M. Sechenova, 2018, 104(8): 976-983 CrossRef (in Russ.).
  28. Titov V.Yu., Vertiprakhov V.G., Ushakov A.S., Fisinin V.I., Kochish I.I., Petrov V.A. Rossiyskaya sel’skokhozyaystvennaya nauka, 2018, 5: 57-60 CrossRef (in Russ.).
  29. Tiwari R., Kumar R., Malik S., Raj T., Kumar P. Analysis of heart rate variability and implication of different factors on heart rate variability. Current Cardiology Reviews, 2021, 17(5): e160721189770 CrossRef
  30. Arslan D., Ünal Çevik I. Interactions between the painful disorders and the autonomic nervous system. Agri: Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi'nin Yayin organidir = The journal of the Turkish Society of Algology, 2022. 34(3): 155-165 CrossRef
  31. Matveev A.V., Krasheninnikov A.E., Egorova E.A., Matveeva E.A. Sibirskiy nauchnyy meditsinskiy zhurnal, 2020; 40(6): 12-22 CrossRef (in Russ.).
  32. Suzuki M., Nagahori W., Mizukami A., Matsumura A., Hashimoto Y. A multicenter observational study of the effectiveness of antiarrhythmic agents in ventricular arrhythmias: a propensity-score adjusted analysis. Journal of Arrhythmia, 2016, 32(3): 186-190 CrossRef

 

back

 


CONTENTS

 

 

Full article PDF (Rus)

Full article PDF (Eng)