doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2017.2.323eng

UDC 636.2:591.16

Acknowledgements:
Supported financially by Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations

 

METABOLISM AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION DURING THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD IN FIRST-CALF COWS WHEN INTRODUCING THE PLACENTA EXTRACT

O.S. Mityashova, I.V. Gusev, I.Yu. Lebedeva

L.K. Ernst All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations, 60, pos. Dubrovitsy, Podolsk District, Moscow Province, 142132 Russia, e-mail irledv@mail.ru

The authors declare no conflict of interests

ORCID:

Mityashova O.S. orcid.org/ 0000-0002-0401-5088

Lebedeva I.Yu. orcid.org/ 0000-0002-7815-7900

Gusev I.V. orcid.org/ 0000-0002-2346-4313

 

Received December 30, 2016

 

Most reproductive disorders in dairy cows are associated with postpartum metabolic state. One approach to normalizing the reproductive function is to use biostimulators, which have a modulating effect on the immune, metabolic, and endocrine systems. The aim of the present research was to study the action of the cattle placenta extract on the metabolic adaptation and reproductive system functioning during the postpartum period in first-calf cows. We have conducted for the first time monitoring of indicators of metabolism and the steroidogenic ovarian activity in first-calf cows, treated with the placenta extract, during the transition period and two months after calving and also assessed the reproduction indices. The raw material for the preparation was placenta separated within 4-6 hours after calving. The extract was isolated from placenta according to the procedure, described earlier (M.V. Varenikov et al., 2010), with the use of some modifications. Effects of the extract were evaluated in first-calf cows of the Black Pied breed (Bos taurus taurus) on the basis of ZAO PZ «Barybino» (Domodedovo Region, Moscow Province) in 2015-2016. Seven to fourteen days prior to calving and on the day of calving, cows of the group I (control, n = 8) received the saline, and cows of the group II (experiment, n = 11) received 20 ml of the placenta extract. Before the treatment and on days 3 to 5, 20 to 25 and 50 to 60 after calving, the animal blood was taken for biochemical analysis and enzyme immunoassay. In serum samples, the concentration of total protein and its fractions, urea, bilirubin, cholesterol, calcium, and phosphorus, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2), and the content of progesterone and estradiol-17β were measured. Twelve months after calving, based on the analysis of zootechnical and pedigree records, the reproduction indices (the pregnancy rate, calving to conception interval, and service per conception rate) and the 305-day milk yield were determined. A rise (p < 0,001) in the blood content of total protein (by 24.9 %) and its globulin fraction (by 51.8 %) was observed on days 20 to 25 after calving only in animals of the group II. The cholesterol concentration in the blood of these cows remained unchanged, whereas it was reduced by 33 % (p < 0.05) in control cows from days 3-5 to days 20-25 after calving. During the studied period, an increase in the serum activity of ALT was more pronounced in cows of the group II, while a raise in the activity of AST was considerable only in control animals. On days 20-25, the progesterone concentration in the blood of experimental cows was 57.7 % lower than in the control group (p < 0.05).  However, 50-60 days after calving, the level of blood progesterone in experimental animals rose sharply and was four times higher than in control ones (p < 0.01). The treatment of cows also resulted in a reduction in the calving to conception interval from 123.5±10.5 to 95.1±5.8 days (p < 0.05). Thus, the injection of the cattle placenta extract to first-calf cows exerts modulating effects on metabolism, primarily lipid metabolism, as well enhances the luteal activity of ovaries during the postpartum period. Normalization of the metabolic and hormonal status of cows is, obviously, related to a rise in the reproductive ability of the animals and leads to a reduction in the subsequent calving to conception interval.

Keywords: first-calf cows, placenta extract, metabolism, ovarian steroid hormones, reproductive ability.

 

Full article (Rus)

Full text (Eng)

 

REFERENCES

  1. Chagas L.M., Bass J.J., Blache D., Burke C.R., Kay J.K., Lindsay D.R., Lucy M.C., Martin G.B., Meier S., Rhodes F.M., Roche J.R., Thatcher W.W., Webb R. Invited review: New perspectives on the roles of nutrition and metabolic priorities in the subfertility of high-producing dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 2007, 90(9): 4022-4032 CrossRef
  2. Lyagin F.F. Zootekhniya, 2003, 5: 25-27. Available http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9125091. No date.
  3. Dobson H., Smith R.F., Royal M.D., Knight Ch., Sheldon I. The high producing dairy cow and its reproductive performance. Reprod. Domest. Anim., 2007, 42(2): 17-23 CrossRef
  4. Brickell J.S., Wathes D.C. A descriptive study of the survival of Holstein-Friesian heifers through to third calving on English dairy farms. J. Dairy Sci., 2011, 94(4): 1831-1838 CrossRef
  5. Wu J.J., Wathes D.C., Brickell J.S., Yang L.G., Cheng Z., Zhao H.Q.,
    Xu Y.J., Zhang S.J. Reproductive performances and survival of Chinese Holstein dairy cows in central China. Anim. Prod. Sci., 2012, 52(1): 11-19 CrossRef
  6. Wathes D.C. Mechanisms linking metabolic status and disease with reproductive outcome in the dairy cow. Reprod. Domest. Anim., 2012, 47(4): 304-312 CrossRef
  7. Wathes D.C., Clempson A.M., Pollott G.E. Associations between lipid metabolism and fertility in the dairy cow. Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 2012, 25:  48-61 CrossRef
  8. Van Knegsel A.T.M., van den Brand H., Dijkstra J., Tamminga S., Kemp B. Effect of dietary energy source on energy balance, production, metabolic disorders and reproduction in lactating dairy cattle. Reprod. Nutr. Dev., 2005, 45(6): 665-688 CrossRef
  9. Lebedev V.A., Lebedeva I.Yu., Kuz’mina T.I., Shapiev I.Sh. Role of metabolic hormones in the regulation of ovarian function in cattle (review). Agricultural Biology, 2005, 2: 14-22 (in Russ.).
  10. Ettema J.F., Santos J.E. Impact of age at calving on lactation, reproduction, health, and income in first-parity Holsteins on commercial farms. J. Dairy Sci., 2004, 87: 2730-2742 CrossRef
  11. Xu Z.Z., Burton L.J., McDougall S., Jolly P.D. Treatment of noncyclic lactating dairy cows with progesterone and estradiol or with progesterone, GnRH, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and estradiol. J. Dairy Sci., 2000, 83(3): 464-470 CrossRef
  12. Bhoraniya H.L., Dhami A.J., Naikoo M., Parmar B.C., Sarvaiya N.P. Effect of estrus synchronization protocols on plasma progesterone profile and fertility in postpartum anestrous Kankrej cows. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 2012, 44(6): 1191-1197 CrossRef
  13. Pal'chikov M.Yu. Bionormalizuyushchee deistvie preparatov iz platsenty cheloveka pri rannei stimulyatsii polovoi tsiklichnosti u korov. Kandidatskaya dissertatsiya [Bionormalizing effect of human placenta extract for early stimulation of ovarial cycle in cows. PhD Thesis]. Belgorod, 2005 (in Russ.).
  14. Gizatullin P.P. Gigienicheskoe obosnovanie korrektsii estestvennoi rezistentnosti organizma telyat biologicheskim stimulyatorom «Biostim». Kandidatskaya dissertatsiya [Hygienic evidence for correction of natural resistance in calves by Biostim, the biostimulating preparation. PhD Thesis]. Ufa, 2001 (in Russ.).
  15. Lobodin K.A., Nezhdanov A.G., Buzlama V.S. Veterinariya, 2006, 3: 39-44. Available http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9242703. No date (in Russ.).
  16. Blank M.S., Friesen H.G. Effects of placentophagy on serum prolactin and progesterone concentrations in rats after parturition or superovulation. J. Reprod. Fertil., 1980, 60(2): 273-278 CrossRef
  17. Wu C.H., Chang G.Y., Chang W.C., Hsu C.T., Chen R.S. Wound healing effects of porcine placental extracts on rats with thermal injury. Br. J. Dermatol., 2003, 148(2): 236-245 CrossRef
  18. Hong J.W., Lee W.J., Hahn S.B., Kim B.J., Lew D.H. The effect of human placenta extract in a wound healing model. Ann. Plast. Surg., 2010, 65(1): 96-100 CrossRef
  19. Park S.Y., Phark S., Lee M., Lim J.Y., Sul D. Anti-oxidative and anti inflammatory activities of placental extracts in benzo[a] pyrene-exposed rats. Placenta, 2010, 31(10): 873-879 CrossRef
  20. Mityashova O.S. V sbornike: Biologiya — nauka XXI veka. [In: Biology — the science of XXI century]. Pushchino, 2015: 353-354. Available http://www.psn.ru/biology21/Page354.pdf. No date (in Russ.).
  21. Cotor G., Pop A., Ghita M. The effect of ovine placenta extract on mammogenesis, lactogenesis, and galactopoiesis in sheep. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 2011, 35: 137-142.
  22. Lobodin K.A. Veterinariya, 2006, 7: 38-42. Available http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9242726. No date (in Russ.).
  23. Kornienko V.S. Lekarstvennyi preparat ban. A.C. 2140275 (RF) MKI3 A61K35/12, A61K35/50. Filial N 5 GNTS-Institut biofiziki FU «Medbioekstrem» pri MZ Rossii. № 98110825/13 [Ban, the medicinal preparation. A.C. 2140275 (RF) MKI3 A61K35/12, A61K35/50. Subsidiary N 5, GNC-Institute of Biophysics of Medbioextrem, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation №  98110825/13]. Appl. June 04, 1998. Publ. October 27, 1999 (in Russ.). 
  24. Varenikov M.V., Chomaev A.M., Artyukh V.M., Prytkov Yu.A., Liepa V.L. Sposob polucheniya biostimulyatora iz platsenty korov. A.S. 2377999 (RF) MKI3 A61K35/50. Vserossiiskii gosudarstvennyi nauchno-issledovatel'skii institut zhivotnovodstva (VIZH). №  2007143944/13 [Method for preparation of a biostimulating biological from cow placenta. A.C. 2377999 (RF) MKIZ A61K35/50. All-Russian State Institute of Animal Husbandry (VIZh). № 2007143944/13]. Appl. November 29, 2007. Publ. January 10, 2010 (in Russ.).  
  25. Liepa V.L. Vliyanie primeneniya Platsentina-A v sochetanii s biologicheski aktivnymi veshchestvami na sroki involyutsii matki u korov. Avtoreferat kandidatskoi dissertatsii [A combined influence of Placentin-A and bioactive compounds on timing of uterus involution in cows. PhD Thesis]. Dubrovitsy, 2011 (in Russ.). 
  26. Zebeli Q., Ghareeb K., Humer E., Metzler-Zebeli B.U., Besenfelder U. Nutrition, rumen health and inflammation in the transition period and their role on overall health and fertility in dairy cows. Res. Vet. Sci., 2015, 103: 126-136 CrossRef
  27. Dhami A.J., Nakrani B.B., Hadiya K.K., Patel J.A., Shah R.G. Comparative efficacy of different estrus synchronization protocols on estrus induction response, fertility and plasma progesterone and biochemical profile in crossbred anestrus cows. Vet. World, 2015, 8(11): 1310-1316 CrossRef
  28. Reist M., Erdin D.K., von Euw D., Tschümperlin K.M., Leuenberger H., Hammon H.M., Morel C., Philipona C., Zbinden Y., Künzi N., Blum J.W. Postpartum reproductive function: association with energy, metabolic and endocrine status in high yielding dairy cows. Theriogenology, 2003, 59(8): 1707-1723 CrossRef
  29. Shin E.K., Jeong J.K., Choi I.S., Kang H.G., Hur T.Y., Jung Y.H., Kim I.H. Relationships among ketosis, serum metabolites, body condition, and reproductive outcomes in dairy cows. Theriogenology, 2015, 84: 252-260 CrossRef
  30. Hawkins D.E., Niswender K.D., Oss G.M., Moeller C.L., Odde K.G., Sawyer H.R., Niswender G.D. An increase in serum lipids increases luteal lipid content and alters the disappearance rate of progesterone in cows. J. Anim. Sci., 1995, 73(2): 541-545 CrossRef

back