Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2016, V. 51, № 2, pp. 172-181.

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2016.2.172eng

UDC 619:591.1:615.814

 

BASIC AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF VETERINARY ACUPUNCTURE
FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRECTION IN ANIMALS (review)

T.E. Taradainik1, 2, N.P. Taradainik2, G.N. Singina2

1Russian Academy of Management in Animal Husbandry,
1, ul. Akademicheskaya, pos. Bykovo, Podolsk Region, Moscow Province, 142143 Russia, e-mail info@ramj.ru;
2L.K. Ernst All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations,
pos. Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Region, Moscow Province, 142132 Russia,
e-mail vijinfo@yandex.ru

Received April 4, 2014

 

An urgent task of modern biological science is the development of efficient, reliable and safe methods of body physiological correction in changing environment. This problem covers almost all living things, including humans and farm animals, which in turn affect environment and the humans through animal products. This is the most characteristic of modern industrial animal husbandry being complicated by the increase in the operating loads on the animals. The survey shows grounded and biologically possible use of veterinary acupuncture method to normalize body functions. The advantage of acupuncture is due to therapeutic and economic efficiency, versatility, safety, and wide range of application (G.V. Kazeev, 2000). This method is based on the concept of body integrity in normal state and pathology. The material basis and specific elements of acupuncture are proved (N.I. Verzhbitskaya, 1981; G.V. Kazeev 2000; J.C. Darras et al., 1993; D.J. Mayer, 2000; A.R. Liboff, 2004; R.H. Bosma et al., 2006.). It is found that when animals are subjected to acupoints’ treatment, different changes occur, e.g. in biochemical parameters such as concentration of opioid peptides and monoamines in blood (J.S. Han, 2004; C.H. Zhao et al., 2005), levels of hormones (T. Aso et al., 1976; P.V. Malven et al., 1984; D.F. Bossut et al., 1986), catecholamines and growth factors (H. Chang et al., 1983; P.J. Battista et al., 1986), in cellular immunity activation (T. Kuan et al., 1986; AP Sánchez, M.D. Ángel, 2012). Clinical parameters are stabilized due to the acupuncture analgesic and sedative effects (J.G. Lin, W.L. Chen, 2008; J. Lin, Y. Chen, 2012). An uniqueness of acupuncture lies in its regulatory action (G.V. Kazeev, 2000; K.T. Freudenberg, 2010). Acupuncture is finding increasing application in veterinary practice in musculoskeletal diseases (W.W. Chan et al., 1996; G. Habacher et al., 2006), gastroenterological (Y.C. Hwang, E.M. Jenkins, 1988; K. Watanabe et al., 1998; K.T. Freudenberg, 2010) and reproductive disorders (J.H. Lin et al., 2001; W.A. Schofield, 2008), and also it is used for sedation and analgesia (A.M. Klide, B.B. Martin, 1989; J. Still et al., 1998). Acupuncture increases tissue sensitivity to medications and blends well with medicines (G.V. Kazeev, 2000; D. Souza et al., 2007; J.H. Lin J.H. et al., 2001). The therapeutic effect is increased when medications and biologically active substances are introduced into the acupoints (S. Altman, 2003; S. Ben-Yakir, 2006; T.E. Taradaynik et al., 2011), moreover, their doses can be reduced significantly (G.V. Kazeev et al., 2001; P.L. Stelio et al., 2008; T.E. Taradaynik et al., 2012). Finally, the use of acupuncture in the animal husbandry makes it possible to get eco-friendly and safe livestock products.

Keywords: acupuncture, biologically active points, domestic animals, reproduction.

 

Full article (Rus)

Full text (Eng)

 

REFERENCES

  1. Xie H., Liu H., Foster M. Equine back pain: A traditional Chinese medical review. Equine Practice, 1997, 19: 2-11.
  2. Kazeev G.V. Veterinarnaya akupunktura [Veterinary acupuncture (in Russ.)]. Moscow, 2000 (ISBN 5-901240-01-4).
  3. Limanskii Yu.P., Gulyar S.A., Samosyuk I.Z. Refleksoterapiya, 2007, 2: 9-18 (in Russ.).  
  4. Kazeev G.V., Kazeeva A.V. Bioenergetika zhivotnykh (funktsional'naya energoinformatsionnaya sistema) [Animal bioenergetics - functional energy information system (in Russ.)]. Moscow, 2013.
  5. Jianshen H., Shubai J., Jinshen H., Henping C. Long term effect of acupuncture treatment for hyperthyroidism. Selections from article abstracts on acupuncture and moxibustion. Beijing, 1987: 144 (ISBN 14E2288P).
  6. Guo S., Yin W., Zhang H., Yin Q. Effects of stimulation, lesions and isolation of hypothalamic arcuate region on acupuncture analgesia in rats. The 2nd National Symposium on Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Acupuncture Anesthesia. Beijing, 1984: 358.
  7. Zeshen W., Jinshen H., Shubai J., Jiangsheng H. Effect of acupuncture on regulating pituitary-thyroid-gonadal axis function. Selections from article abstracts on acupuncture and moxibustion. Beijing, 1987: 617-618.
  8. Xianming Y., Weiping Y., Jinsong C., Qizhang Y. Changes in unit discharges of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus area in integrative process of pain. The 2nd National Symposium on Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Acupuncture Anesthesia. Beijing, 1984: 355-356.
  9. WHO traditional medicine strategy: 2014-2023. WHO, Hong Kong, 2013 (http://www.who.int) (ISBN 978-92-4-450609-7).
  10. Verzhbitskaya N.I. V sbornike: Teoriya i praktika refleksoterapii [In: Theoretical and practical aspects of reflexology (in Russ.)]. Saratov, 1981: 56-60.
  11. Mayer D.J. Biological mechanisms of acupuncture. Prog. Brain. Res., 2000, 122: 457-477 (PMID: 10737077).
  12. Bosma R.H., Savelkoul H.F.J., Frankena K., Baars T., Laarakker E. Dairy herd health, impedance on six acupuncture points and immune response factors in milk: A pilot study. Livestock Science, 2006, 99(2): 285-290 CrossRef
  13. Presman A.S. Elektromagnitnye polya i zhivaya priroda [Electromagnetic fields and wildlife (in Russ.)]. Moscow, 1968 (ISBN 978-5-458-71968-1).
  14. Liboff A.R. Toward an electromagnetic raradigm for biology and medicine J. Altern. Complement. Med., 2004, 10(1): 41-47 (PMID: 15025877).
  15. Frohlich H. Biological effects of microwaves and the question of coherence. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res., 1982, 107: 189-195 CrossRef
  16. Rein G. Bioinformation within the biofield: beyond bioelectromagnetics. J. Altern. Complement. Med., 2004, 10(1): 59-68 (PMID: 15025879).
  17. Darras J.C., Albaréde P., de Veernejoul P. Nuclear medicine investigation of transmission of acupuncture information. Acupunct. Med., 1993, 11: 22-28 CrossRef
  18. Malven P.V., Bossut D.F., Diekman M.A. Effect of naloxone and electroacupuncture on plasma concentrations of LH in sheep. J. Endocrinol., 1984, 101: 75-80 (PMID: 6608571).
  19. Bossut D.F., Stromberg M.W., Malven P.V. Electroacupuncture-induced analgesia in sheep: measurement of cutaneous pain thresholds and plasma concentrations of prolactin and betaendorphin immunoreactivity. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1986, 47: 669-676 (PMID: 2938527).
  20. Han J.S. Acupuncture and endorphins. Neurosci. Lett., 2004, 6(361/1-3): 258-261 (PMID: 15135942).
  21. Zhao C.H., Stillman M., Rozen T. Traditional and evidence-based acupuncture in headache management: Theory, mechanism, and practice. Headache, 2005, 45: 716-730  (PMID: 15953304).
  22. Cabioglu M.T., Cetin B.E. Acupuncture and immunomodulation. Am. J. Chin. Med., 2008, 36(25): 25-36 (PMID: 18306447).
  23. Chang H., Xie Y., Wen Y., Zhang S., Qu J., Lu W. Further investigation on the hypothesis of meridian-cortex-viscera interrelationship. Am. J. Chin. Med., 1983, 11(1-4): 5-13 (PMID: 6660213).
  24. Battista P.J., Poff J.P., Deaver D.R., Condon W.A. Biogenic amine regulation of bovine luteal progesterone production in vivo. J. Reprod. Fert., 1987, 80: 517-522 (PMID: 3656283).
  25. Sheng-Xing M. Neurobiology of acupuncture: Toward CAM. Evid. Based. Complement. Alternat. Med., 2004, 1(1): 41-47 CrossRef
  26. Lin J.G., Chen W.L. Acupuncture analgesia: a review of its mechanisms of actions. Am. J. Chin. Med., 2008, 36(4): 635-645 (PMID: 18711761).
  27. Lin J., Chen Y. The role of acupuncture in cancer supportive care. Am. J. Chin. Med., 2012, 40(2): 219-230 (PMID: 22419418).
  28. Kuan T., Lee S., Lin J., Shen M. The effect of needle stimulation of acupuncture loci Tienshu (St-25) Chung-Wan (CV-12) on the immune response in sensitized mice against experimental cholera. Am. J. Chin. Med., 1986, 14(1-2): 73-85 (PMID: 3962918).
  29. Sánchez A.P., Ángel M.D. Potentialities of the effects of acupuncture on natural killer cell activity in patients with breast cancer. Revista Internacional de Acupunctura, 2012, 6(2): 58-62.
  30. Iwa M., Tateiwa M., Sakita M., Fujimiya M., Takahashi T. Anatomical evidence of regional specific effects of acupuncture on gastric motor function in rats. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical, 2007, 137: 67-76 (PMID: 17884736).
  31. Deng Q.S., Fang Z.C., Yin Y. Ionic mechanism of acupuncture on improvement of learning and memory in aged mammals.  Am. J.Chin. Med., 1995, 23(1): 1-9 (PMID: 7598086).
  32. Lee H.S., Kim J.Y. Effects of acupuncture on blood pressure and plasma renin activity in two-kidney one clip goldblatt hypertensive rats. Am. J. Chin. Med., 1994, 22(3-4): 215-219  (PMID: 7872233).
  33. Chou W., Liu H., Lin Y., Cheng C., Li T., Tang N., Hsieh C. 2 Hz electro-acupuncture at Yinlingquan (SP9) and Ququan (LR8) acupoints induces changes in blood flow in the liver and spleen. Am. J. Chin. Med., 2012, 40(1): 75-84 CrossRef
  34. Souza D., Senna-Fernandes V., Brito L., Souza R., França D., Manoel C., Almeida M., Bernardo-Filho M. Acupuncture stimulation at Sanyinjiao: effect on the sodium pertechnetate bioavailability in rats. Am. J. Chin. Med., 2007, 35(6): 977-986 (PMID: 18186584).
  35. Chan W.W., Lin J. H., Rogers P.A.M. A revive of acupuncture therapy of canine paralysis and lameness. Vet. Bulletin, 1996, 66: 999-1011 CrossRef
  36. Habacher G., Pittler M.H., Ernst E. Effectiveness of acupuncture in veterinary medicine. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 2006, 20: 480-488 (PMID: 16734078).
  37. Klide A.M., Martin B.B. Methods of stimulating acupuncture points for treatment of chronic back pain in horses. J. Am. Vet. Med., 1989, 195: 1375-1379 (PMID: 2531133).
  38. Still J., Davies N., Matzner L. A comparison of anaesthetic and postanaesthetic effects of placebo, buprenorphine and auricular electroacupuncture in bitches ovariohysterectomised under halothane anaesthesia. Int. J. Alt. Comp. Med., 1998, 4: 26-33.
  39. Jeong S.M. Effects of electroacupuncture on minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane and cardiovascular system in isoflurane anesthetized dogs. J. Vet. Sci., 2002, 3: 193-201 (PMID: 12514331).
  40. Yang J., Jeong S., Seo K., Nam T. Effects of corticosteroid and electroacupuncture on experimental spinal cord injury in dogs. J. Vet. Sci., 2003, 4: 97-101 (PMID: 12819372).
  41. Skarda R.T., Muir W.W. Comparison of electroacupuncture and butorphanol on respiratory and cardiovascular effects and rectal pain threshold after controlled rectal distention in mares. Am. J. Vet. Res., 2003, 64: 137-144 (PMID: 12602580).
  42. Kim H.Y., Sohn B.Y., Seo U.K., Lee H., Hahm D.H., Shim I. An exploratory study of gold wire implantation at acupoints to accelerate ulnar fracture healing in rats. J. Physiol. Sci., 2009, 59(4): 329-333 (PMID: 19412656).
  43. Hwang Y.C., Jenkins E.M. Effect of acupuncture on young pigs with induced enteropathogenic Escherichia coli diarrhea. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1988, 49: 1641-1643 (PMID: 3066247).
  44. Lin J.H., Lo Y.Y., Shu N.S., Wang J.S., Lai T.M., Kung S.C., Chan W.W. Control of preweaning diarrhea in piglets by acupuncture and Chinese medicine. Am. J. Chin. Med., 1988, 16: 75-80 (PMID: 3218634).
  45. Watanabe K., Mizuno S., Suzuki K. Effect of the catgut burying therapy in an acupoint for diarrhea of Japanese black calf. J. Vet. Clin., 1998, 45: 27-31.
  46. Lee S., Song K., Liu J.,Kwon H., Youn S., Lee Y., Cho S., Kim D. The effectiveness of auriculoacupoint treatment for artificially induced acute hepatic injury in dogs. Am. J. Chin. Med., 2004, 32: 445-451 (PMID: 15344427).
  47. Mizuno S., Tada H. Toshoku ni yoru Rumenacidosis ni taisuru Junki-shin ryoho (kasho) no koka ni tsuite. J. Vet. Clin., 1984, 247: 15-18.
  48. Freudenberg K.T. Kontrollierte klinische Studie über den Einfluss einer Akupunkturbehandlung auf die postoperative Entwicklung von Kühen mit linksseitiger Labmagenverlagerung.  Inaugular-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Dr. med. vet. beim Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen. Gießen, 2010.
  49. Hansen P.J. Embryonic mortality in cattle from the embryo’s perspective. J. Aim. Sci., 2002, 80(E Supll. 2): E33-E44 CrossRef
  50. O’Connor M. Causes of embryonic mortality in cattle. Dairy and Animal Science at Penn State, 2008, 11(6): 1-2.
  51. Diskin M.G., Morris D.G. Embryonic and early fetal losses in cattle and other ruminants. Reprod. Domest. Anim., 2008, 43(2): 260-267 CrossRef
  52. Westergaard L.G., Mao Q., Krogslund M., Sandrini S., Lenz S., Grinsted J. Acupuncture on the day of embryo transfer significantly improves the reproductive outcome in infertile women: a prospective, randomized trial. Fertil. Steril., 2006, 85: 1341-1346  (PMID: 16600232).
  53. El-Toukhy T., Sunkara S.K., Khairy M., Dyer R., Khalaf Y.,  Coomara-
    samya A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of acupuncture in in vitro fertilization. International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2008, 6-7: 1203-1213 (PMID: 18652588).
  54. Magarelli P., Cridennda D., Cohen M. Changes in serum cortisol and prolactin associated with acupuncture during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in women undergoing in vitro fertilization—embryo transfer treatment. Fertil. Steril., 2009, 92(6): 1870-1879 CrossRef
  55. Dalton-Brewer N. Use of acupuncture before and after embryo transfer. Hum. Fert., 2010, 12(4): 212-255.
  56. Zheng C.H., Huang G.Y., Zhang M.M., Wang W. Effects of acupuncture on pregnancy rates in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil. Steril., 2012, 97(3): 599-611 CrossRef
  57. Stener-Victorin E., Waldenstrom U., Andersson S.A., Wilkand M. Reduction of blood flow impedance in uterine arteries of infertile women with electro-acupuncture. Hum. Reprod., 1996, 11: 1314-1317 (PMID: 8671446).
  58. Stener-Victorin E., Humaidan R. Use of acupuncture in female infertility and a summary of recent acupuncture studies related to embryo transfer. Acupunct. Med., 2006, 24: 157-163 (PMID:17264833).
  59. Kim J., Shin K., Na C. Effect of acupuncture treatment on uterine motility and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in pregnant rats. Gynecol. Obstet. Inv., 2000, 50: 225-230 (PMID: 11093043).
  60. Dong J. Research on the reduction of anxiety and depression with acupuncture. Am. J. Acupunct., 1993, 21: 327-330.
  61. Mac Pherson H., Thomas K. Short term reactions to acupuncture: a cross-sectional survey of patient reports. Acupunct. Med., 2005, 23: 112-220 (PMID: 16259309).
  62. Yung E.H., So W.S., Gao J., Wong Y.Y., Ho P.C. The role of acupuncture in the management of subfertility. Fertil. Steril., 2008, 90(1): 1-13 CrossRef
  63. Huang S.T., Chen A.P. Traditional Chinese medicine and infertility. Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol., 2008, 20(3): 211-215 CrossRef
  64. Chou C. A study on the mechanism of acupuncture stimulating ovulation in rabbits. Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol., 1986: 539-540.
  65. Gui J., Xiong F., Li J., Huang G. Effects of acupuncture on LIF and IL-12 in rats of implantation failure. Am. J. Reprod. Immun., 2012, 67(5): 383-390 CrossRef
  66. Lee D.C., Lee M.O., Clifford D.H. Comparison of sodium salicylate, morphine sulfate and acupuncture at Jen-Chung (Go 26) on the cardiovascular system of dogs. Am. J. Chin. Med., 1980, 8: 245-253 (PMID: 7211744).
  67. Clifford D.H., Lee M.O., Lee D.C. Cardiovascular effects of atropine on acupuncture, needling with electrostimulation, at Tsu San Li (St-36) in dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1977, 38: 845-849 (PMID: 879581).
  68. Clifford D., Lee D., Lee M. Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide and acupuncture on the cardiovascular system of dogs. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1983, 411: 84-93 (PMID: 6576724).
  69. Shiotani A., Tatewaki M., Hoshino E., Takahashi T. Effects of electroacupuncture on gastric myoelectrical activity in healthy humans. Neurogastroenterol. Motil., 2004, 16: 293-298 CrossRef
  70. Kim M., Soh K., Nam T., Seo K., Litscher G. Evaluation of sedation on electroencephalographic spectral edge frequency 95 in dogs sedated by acupuncture at GV20 or Yintang and sedative combination. Acup. Elect. Res., 2006, 31: 201-212 CrossRef
  71. Aso T., Motohashi T., Murata M., Nishimura T., Kakizaki K., Kimura S. The influence of acupuncture stimulation on plasma levels of LH, FSH, progesterone and estradiol in normally ovulating women. Am. J. Chin. Med., 1976, 4(4): 391-401 CrossRef
  72. Jin Yu, Wang Weiying, Zheng Huaimei. Observation of electroacupuncture induced ovulation and changes in skin temperature, serum-EPLS, FSH and LH. The 2nd National Symposium on Acupuncture and Moxibustion Anesthesia. Beijing, 1984: 554.
  73. Zan'ko A.P., Gorbunov Yu.A., Zatsepin P.F. Zootekhnicheskaya nauka Belarusi, 2000, 35: 80 (in Russ.).
  74. Tabosa A., Yamamura Y., Forno E.R., Mello L.E.A.M. Effect of the acupoint ST-36 (Zusanli) and SP-6 (Sanyinjiao) on intestinal myoelectric activity of Wistar rats. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 2002, 35: 731-739 (PMID: 12045840).
  75. Litscher G. Effects of acupressure, manual acupuncture and Laserneedle acupuncture on EEG bispectral index (BIS) and spectral edge frequency (SEF) in healthy volunteers. Europ. J. Anaesthesiol., 2004, 21: 13-19 CrossRef
  76. Paraskeva A., Melemeni A., Petropoulos G., Siafaka I., Fassoulaki A. Needling of the extra 1 point decreases BIS values and preoperative anxiety. Am. J. Chin. Med., 2004, 32: 789-794 (PMID: 15633813).
  77. Li Y.Q., Zhu B., Rong P.J., Ben H., Li Y.H. Effective regularity in modulation on gastric motility induced by different acupoint stimulation. World J. Gastroenterol., 2006, 12: 7642-7648 CrossRef
  78. Janssens L.A.A., Altman S., Rogers P.A.M. Respiratory and cardiac arrest under general anaesthesia: treatment by acupuncture of the nasal philtrum. Vet. Rec., 1979, 105: 273-276 CrossRef
  79. Rogers P.A.M., Skarda R. Emergency acupoint Renzhong (GV26): A bibliography and review from textbook sources. Proc. the 25th Annual International Congress on Veterinary Acupuncture. Lexington, Kentucky, USA, 1999: 83-89.
  80. Lin J.H., Rogers P.A.M. Acupuncture effects on the body;s defense system: A veterinary review. Vet. Bull., 1980, 50: 633-640.
  81. Tsuei J.J. Acupuncture treatment in modern practice of obstetrics and gynaecology. Int. J. Chin. Med., 1984, 1: 37-41.
  82. Scott S. Developments in veterinary acupuncture. Acupunct. Med., 2001, 19: 27-31 (PMID: 11471580). 
  83. Trapezov E.V. Veterinar, 2002, 3: 32-35 (in Russ.).
  84. Lin J.H., Chan W.W., Wu L.S. Acupuncture for reproductive disorders. In: Veterinary acupuncture. Mosby Inc., USA, 2001: 261-267 (PMID: 1581653).
  85. Schofield W.A. Use of acupuncture in equine reproduction. Theriogenology, 2008, 70(2): 430-434 CrossRef
  86. Lin J., Wu L., Wu Y., Lin C., Yang N. Aquapuncture therapy of repeat breeding in dairy cattle. Am. J. Chin. Med., 2002, 30(2-3): 397-404 (PMID: 12230028).
  87. Lin J., Liu S., Chan W., Wu L., Pi W. Effects of electroacupuncture and gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatments on hormonal changes in anoestrous sows. J. Chin. Med., 1998, 16(3-4): 117-126 (PMID: 3072877). 
  88. Kazeev G.V., Kazeeva A.V., Il'ina G.V. Materialy IХ Moskovskogo Mezhdunarodnogo veterinarnogo kongressa [Proc. IХ Int. Veterinary Congress (in Russ.)]. Moscow, 2001: 251-252.
  89. Stelio P.L., Angeli A.L., Ferreira C.L., Lettry V., Scognamillo-Szabó M. Comparison of pharmacopuncture, aquapuncture and acepromazine for sedation of horses.Evid. Bas. Compl. Alternat. Med., 2008, 5(3): 267-272 CrossRef
  90. Altman S. Techniken und Instrumente. In: Schoen AM (Hrsg.): Akupunktur in der Tiermedizin Lehrbuch und Atlas für die Klein- und Großtierbehandlung 1. Aufl., Urban&Fischer Verlag, 2003: 100-115.
  91. Ben-Yakir S. Homöosiniatrie in der Veterinärpraxis. Biologische Tiermedizin, 2006, 3: 56-60.
  92. Taradainik T.E., Singina G.N., Smirnova M.L. Problemy biologii produktivnykh zhivotnykh, 2011, 2: 19-22 (in Russ.).
  93. Taradainik T.E., Taradainik N.P., Singina G.N., Kazeev G.V., Kazeeva A.V. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK, 2012, 8: 70-72 (in Russ.).
  94. Taradainik T.E., Singina G.N., Taradainik N.P. Sposob profilaktiki rannei embrional'noi smertnosti u krupnogo rogatogo skota. A.s. 2452502 (RF) MPK A 61 K 35/48 A01K 67/02. GNU VIZH Rossel'khozakademii (RF). Zayavl. 21.10.10. Opubl. 10.06.12. Byul. №16 [Method to prevent early embryo death in cattle. Application October 21, 2010. Published June 10, 2012. Bull. № 16 (in Russ.)].
  95. Glinski M.H. Auswahl der Akupunkturpunkte In: Schoen AM (Hrsg.): Akupunktur in der Tiermedizin - Lehrbuch und Atlas für die Klein- und Großtierbehandlung 1. Aufl., Urban&Fischer Verlag, 2003: 117-127.
  96. Limehouse J.B., Taylor-Limehouse P.A. Östliche Akupunkturkonzepte. In: Schoen AM: Akupunktur in der Tiermedizin Lehrbuch und Atlas für die Klein- und Großtierbehandlung 1. Aufl., Urban&Fischer Verlag, 2003: 83-97.
  97. Taradainik N.P., Taradainik T.E., Gavrikov A.M. Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo, 2009, 7: 6-7 (in Russ.).

back