doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2019.1.76eng
UDC 633.11:631.5
POLYMER GELS TO MANAGE WATER AVAILABILITY FOR WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) UNDER VARIOUS ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS
T.N. Danilova1, L.K. Tabynbayeva2
1Agrophysical Research Institute, 14, Grazhdanskii prosp., St. Petersburg, 195220 Russia, e-mail danilovatn@yandex.ru (✉ corresponding author);
2LLP Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Arable Farming and Horticulture, 1, st. Erlepesov, Almaty Province, Karasay Region, Almalybak, 040909 Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail tabynbaeva.lyalya@mail.ru
ORCID:
ORCID:
Danilova T.N. orcid.org/0000-0001-6926-6155
Tabynbayeva L.K. orcid.org/0000-0001-9721-6737
Received September 28, 2018
During the last years, due to climate changes and reducing water availability for crops, special attention is paid to moisture-swelling polymers. In this paper we compared the influence of Russian hydrogel Ritin-10 (LLC RITEK—ENPTs, Russia) and polymer Aquasorb (SNF s.a.s., France) on spring and winter wheats in Russia and Kazakhstan. The effect of Ritin-10 hydrogel on spring wheat Esther variety water supply was studied in a field experiment (Russia, 2011) with the hydrogel dosage of 400 kg/ha and its combination with nitrogen fertilizers (N60, N90, and N120). Analysis of soil moisture during different periods of vegetation showed that Ritin-10 significantly (p < 0.05) increases soil moisture as compared to the control. The moisture content in use of nitrogen fertilizers combined with the hydrogel varied from 19.33 to 31.60 %, and in use of nitrogen fertilizers without hydrogel from 13.14 to 17.40 %. In the control, the soil moisture during the vegetation period was from 11.36 to 17.10 %. Reserves of productive moisture under Aquasorb application on winter wheat Glassy variety 24 crops at tillering (Kazakhstan, 2015-2016) were 10.30-19.00 % higher compared to the control. When using N45, the reserves of productive moisture were 23.90-31.00 %. The use of Ritin-10 hydrogel on wheat crops leads to a significant (p < 0.001) increase in grain yield. The grain yield of spring wheat under a combined effect of Ritin-10 hydrogel and nitrogen fertilizers varied from 33.23 to 35.7 с/ha. In our tests, the combination N120 + Ritin-10 provided the highest grain yield which exceeded control by 10 c/ha. Aquasorb without fertilizers and with N45 yields grain harvest of 27.0-35.7 c/ha for winter wheat variety Glassy 24. This study showed that Ritin-10, like superabsorbent polymer Aquasorb, can effectively manage water availability and water supply of crops.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., spring wheat, winter wheat, water-absorbing polymers, soil moisture, root system, water availability, yield.
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