Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2018, Vol. 53, ¹ 1, p. 3-14.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.1.3eng

UDC 631.461.52:581.557.2:577.175.19

Acknowledgements:
Supported financially by Russian Science Foundation (project ¹ 14-24-00135)

 

NEGATIVE HORMONAL REGULATION OF SYMBIOTIC NODULE
DEVELOPMENT. II. SALICILIC, JASMONIC AND ABSCISIC ACIDS
(review)

A.V. Tsyganova, V.E. Tsyganov

All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations, 3, sh. Podbel’skogo, St. Petersburg, 196608 Russia, e-mail tsyganov@arriam.spb.ru (✉ corresponding author)

ORCID:
Tsyganova A.V. orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-4298
Tsyganov V.E. orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-8689

Received September 5, 2016

 

As a result of interaction with rhizobia, legume plants are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen in symbiotic nodules. Development and functioning of symbiotic nodules are under strong host plant control, including phytohormonal regulation (B.J. Ferguson et al., 2014). Due to the fact that nodule formation is a highly energy-consuming process, nodule number is restricted by plant. The negative regulation of nodulation involves, along with ethylene (A.V. Tsyganova et al., 2015), also salicylic (P.C. Van Spronsen et al., 2003; G. Stacey et al., 2006), jasmonic (Sun et al., 2006) and abscisic (Ding et al., 2008) acids. It is important to note that all listed phytohormones act at the different stages of development and functioning of symbiotic nodules. The first negative effects of jasmonic and abscisic acids are related to the blocking of calcium oscillations (J. Sun et al., 2006; Y. Ding et al., 2008), induced by Nod factors (lipochitooligosaccharides synthesized by rhizobia and activating a program for the development of infection and nodule organogenesis). Calcium oscillations are also blocked by ethylene (G.E. Oldroyd et al., 2001). Salicylic, jasmonic and abscisic acids influence the further development of symbiosis, blocking both the growth of infection threads (through which the rhizobia penetrate into the root), and the formation of nodule primordia (T. Nakagawa et al., 2006; J. Sun et al., 2006; Y. Ding et al. 2008). For abscisic acid it was shown that its negative effect on the development of nodule primordia is mediated by the influence on cytokinin signal transduction pathway (Y. Ding et al., 2008). Salicylic, jasmonic and abscisic acids also negatively affect the nitrogen-fixing activity of the nodules, and for abscisic acid it has been shown that the negative effect is associated with the activation of the production of nitrogen monoxide NO (A. Tominaga ñ ñîàâò., 2010). Nevertheless, all these phytohormones can have a positive effect on the formation and functioning of nodules. For example, jasmonic acid activates the expression of rhizobial nod genes that control the synthesis of Nod factors (F. Mabood et al., 2006). It is interesting to note that for salicylic and abscisic acids a positive role in activating the defense mechanisms in plants under the action of stress factors has been shown, which leads to a decrease in their negative effect on the functioning of the nodules (F. Palma et al., 2013, 2014). Future studies of the interaction of ethylene, salicylic, jasmonic and abscisic acids in the negative regulation of the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules are of great interest. Such studies should shed light on why several phytohormones are involved in negative regulation and what the specificity of each of them is. It is important to study the possibility of practical use of mutants with a lower level of any of the phytohormones (ethylene, salicylic, jasmonic and abscisic acids). Therefore, it seems promising to study the mutant enf1 (enhanced nitrogen fixation1), obtained on the model legume Lotus japonicus and characterized by an increased level of nitrogen fixation (A. Tominaga et al., 2009). At the same time, it should be considered that a change in the level of a certain phytohormone can have a negative impact both on the development of the plant and its response to abiotic and biotic stresses.

Keywords: plant-microbe interactions, legume-rhizobial symbiosis, symbiotic nodule, phytohormones.

 

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