Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2018, Vol. 53, ¹ 1, p. 140-150.
(how to cite this article)

doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.1.140eng

UDC 633.491:632.937.3

Acknowledgements:
Supported financially by Russian Science Foundation (grant ¹ 16-16-04079)

 

LADY BEETLES FOR BIOCONTROL OF APHIDS, THE VECTORS OF VIRUSES,
ON SEED POTATO PLANTS IN GREENHOUSES

N.A. Belyakova, YU.B. Polikarpova

All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations, 3, sh. Podbel’skogo, St. Petersburg, 196608 Russia, e-mail biocontrol@vizr.spb.ru (✉ corresponding author), julia.polika@gmail.com

ORCID:
Belyakova N.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-9192-5871
Polikarpova Yu.B. orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-7962

Received July 24, 2017

 

Summer greenhouses are used for the production of seed-potato mini-tubers in many Russian regions, so developing technologies for the effective and environmentally friendly protection of seed potatoes against insects that are vectors of viruses in greenhouses is relevant for domestic potato growing. Predatory coccinellids (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) are successfully used for aphids’ control in greenhouses. However, these natural enemies have not yet been applied to protect seed-potato plants. This research is aimed at developing new approaches for applying Harmonia axyridis Pall. and Cheilomenes sexmaculatus Fabr. in the preventive biological control of aphids on seed-potato plants in greenhouses. Coccinellid larvae tolerance to fasting was evaluated in laboratory conditions at 24 °Ñ and 60-70 % humidity. The optimal weight of the larvae to be preventively released into the greenhouses was determined. The IV instar larvae were kept with food in abundance for 1-2 days after molting. The larvae selected daily were grouped depending on their weight. The average time of starvation and the percentage of the individuals pupated were calculated for each size class of the larvae. To select indigenous coccinellids that can be used for aphid control on potatoes in greenhouses we monitored insects in natural habitats nearby the seed potato farm (Volosovskii Region, Leningrad Province). Monitoring of local entomophages and release of coccinellids were carried out in the seed potato farm. H. axyridis larvae were released in a film greenhouse (600 m2) on the potato plants of cultivar Red Scarlett. The experiment continued from June 12 to July 10, 2017. The number of coccinellids (larvae, pupae, and adults) was estimated weekly. It was shown that even a 2-day starvation of the H. axyridis II-III instar larvae caused an 8-12 % decrease in the survival rate. Therefore, their use unfits for preventive colonization of potato plants. It is optimal to use the IV instar larvae if they weigh enough for pupation with the likelihood about 50 %. We recommend releasing H. axyridis larvae weighted 20-29 mg and Ch. sexmaculatus larvae weighted less than 9 mg. H. axyridis IV instar larvae found on the plants at the seed farm 7 days after releasing averaged 22 % of the total released number. A decrease in the number of H. axyridis larvae and mass pupation occurred 14 days after when pupated individuals were 9.3 % of the initial larvae number. The emergence of the H. axyridis imago was observed 21 days after the release. The obtained results prove there are some good reasons for application of the H. axyridis IV instar larva in greenhouses on seed potatoes. Monitoring of aphidophages in their natural habitats near the greenhouses allowed us to select local species of coccinellids which are promising for potato plant protection in greenhouses. In June-July 2017, potato aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas) appeared on nettle plants (Urtica dioica L.). Adalia bipunctata L. (imago and larvae) and Coccinella septempunctata L. (larvae) were found in the pest hotspots. A. bipunctata imagoes may be used in greenhouses because this species needs lower prey abundance for egg laying and consumes most aphids colonizing potato plants.

Keywords: biological control, Coccinellidae, Harmonia axyridis, Cheilomenes sexmaculatus, preventive colonization, resistance to food stress, cannibalism.

 

Full article (Rus)

Full article (Eng)

 

REFERENCES

  1. Mashchenko M.N., Bratkova L.G. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK, 2012, 7: 58-61 (in Russ.).
  2. Basiev S.S., Gerieva F.T., Tedeeva A.A. Vestnik APK Stavropol'ya, 2016, 1(21): 163-166 (in Russ.).
  3. Izmailov F.Kh., Pikulev A.N. Zashchita i karantin rastenii, 2009, 3: 19-24 (in Russ.).
  4. Koksharova M.K. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK, 2011, 6: 46-48 (in Russ.).
  5. Buldakov S.A., Plekhanova L.P., Shchegorets O.V. Zashchita i karantin rastenii, 2013, 11: 40 (in Russ.).
  6. Sukhoruchenko G.I., Ivanova G.P., Volgarev S.A., Vilkova N.A., Fasulati S.R., Vereshchagina A.B., Berim M.N., Khyutti A.V., Fominykh T.S., Gannibal F.B., Pavlyushin V.A., Danilov L.G., Lazarev A.M., Burkova L.A., Dolzhenko O.V., Grishechkina L.D., Makhan'kova T.A., Golubev A.S., Lysov A.K., Kornilov T.V., Goncharov N.R., Naumova N.I. Sistema integrirovannoi zashchity reproduktsionnogo semennogo kartofelya ot kompleksa vrednykh organizmov v Severo-zapadnom regione Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Integrated protection of reproductive seed potatoes from a complex of pests in the North-West region of the Russian Federation]. St. Petersburg, 2016 (in Russ.).
  7. Shpaar D., Kyurtsinger B., Kyurtsinger V. Zashchita i karantin rastenii, 2007, 6: 47-49 (in Russ.).
  8. Simakov E.A., Anisimov B.V., Yurlova S.M., Uskov A.I., Oves E.V., Zeiruk V.N., Chugunov V.S., Mityushkin A.V., Khutinaev O.S. Tekhnologicheskii reglament proizvodstva original'nogo, elitnogo i reproduktsionnogo semennogo kartofelya [Technological regulations for the production of original, elite and reproductive seed potatoes]. Moscow, 2010 (in Russ.).
  9. Kozlova E.G. Zashchita i karantin rastenii, 2009, 5: 23-25 (in Russ.).
  10. Trusevich A.V., Kleimenova V.A., Kononova O.M. Vestnik Kurskoi gosudarstvennoi sel'skokhozyaistvennoi akademii, 2012, 3: 68-70 (in Russ.).
  11. Huang N., Enkegaard A., Osborne L.S., Ramakers P.M.J., Messelink G.J. The banker plant method in biological control. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 2011, 30: 259-278 CrossRef
  12. Pazyuk I.M., Fominykh T.S., Medvedeva K.D. Vestnik zashchity rastenii, 2017, 1: 26-33 (in Russ.).
  13. Boquel S., Ameline A., Giordanengo P. Assessing aphids potato virus Y-transmission efficiency: A new approach. J. Virol. Methods, 2011, 178, 63-67 CrossRef
  14. Warren M., Kruger K., Schoeman A.S. Potato virus Y (PVY) and potato leafroll virus (PLRV): Literature review for potatoes South Africa. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, 2005.
  15. Yarkulov F.Ya., Belyakova N.A., Lednev G.R., Novikova I.I. Ekologicheskie osnovy biologicheskoi zashchity ovoshchnykh kul'tur v teplitsakh Primorskogo kraya /Pod redaktsiei F.Ya. Yarkulova, V.A. Pavlyushina [Ecological bases of biological protection of vegetable crops in greenhouses of Primorsky Krai. F.Ya. Yarkulov, V.À. Pavlyushin (eds.)]. St. Petersburg, 2006 (in Russ.).
  16. Riddick E.W. Identification of conditions for successful aphid control by ladybirds in greenhouses. Insects, 2017, 8(38): 1-17 CrossRef
  17. Yang N.-W., Zang L.-Sh., Wang S., Guo J.-Y., Xu H.-X., Zhang F., Wan F.-H. Biological pest management by predators and parasitoids in the greenhouse vegetables in China. Biol. Control, 2014, 68: 92-102 CrossRef
  18. Belyakova N.A., Polikarpova Yu.B. Vestnik zashchity rastenii, 2016, 4: 44-50 (in Russ.).
  19. Agas'eva I.S., Ismailov V.Ya., Nefedova M.V., Fedorenko E.V. The species composition and bioregulatory activity of entomophages in potato pest control system. Agricultural Biology, 2016, 51(3): 401-410 CrossRef
  20. Thakur M., Chandla V.K. Species composition and abundance of natural enemies of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in potato agro-ecosystem in Shimla hills. J. Eco-friendly Agric., 2013, 8(1): 56-60.
  21. Agas'eva I.S., Fedorenko E.V., Mirzoeva R.K. Informatsionnyi byulleten' VPRS MOBB, 2011, 42: 18-21 (in Russ.).
  22. Sem'yanov V.P. Entomologicheskoe obozrenie, 1997, 76(2): 467-472 (in Russ.).
  23. Kuznetsov V.N., Hong P. Employment of Chinese Coccinellidae in biological control of aphids in greenhouse in Primorye. Far Eastern Entomologist, 2002, 119: 1-5.
  24. Dmitriew S., Rowe L. Effects of early resource limitation and compensatory growth on lifetime fitness in the ladybird beetle (Harmonia axyridis). J. Evolution Biol., 2007, 20: 1298-1310 CrossRef
  25. Kitagami T., Ohkubo N. Release of larvae of Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis in greenhouse for controlling Aphis gossypii on strawberry. Annual Report of the Kansai Plant Protection Society, 1998, 40: 151-152.
  26. Adachi-Hagimori T., Shibao M., Tanaka H., Seko T., Miura K. Control of Myzus persicae and Lipaphis erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) by adults and larvae of a flightless strain of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on non-heading Brassica cultivars in the greenhouse. BioControl, 2011, 56(2): 207-213 CrossRef
  27. Hamalainen M. Control of aphids on sweet peppers, chrysanthemums and roses in small greenhouses using the ladybeetles Coccinella septempunctata and Adalia bipunctata (Col., Coccinellidae). Ann. Agr. Fenn., 1977, 16(3): 117-131.
  28. Osawa N. Effect of pupation site on pupal cannibalism and parasitism of the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Japanese Journal of Entomology, 1992, 60: 131-135.
  29. Nakashima Y., Birkett M.A., Pye B.J., Pickett J.A., Powell W. The role of semiochemicals in the avoidance of the seven-spot ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata, by the aphid parasitoid, Aphidius ervi. J. Chem. Ecol., 2004, 30(6): 1103-1116.
  30. Hemptinne J.-L., Dixon A.F.G., Coffin J. Attack strategy of ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae): factors shaping their numerical response. Oecologia, 1992, 90: 238-245 CrossRef
  31. Dixon A.F.G. Body size and resource partitioning in ladybirds. Popul. Ecol., 2007, 49: 45-50.CrossRef
  32. Hasanova S.Sh., Ahmadov B.A. Factors influencing the reproduction of the seven-spot Ladybird (Coccinella septempunctata, Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2017, 5(2): 394-397.
  33. Kitaev K.A., Udalov M.B., Benkovskaya G.V. Shoosing predators for biocontrol of colorado potato beetle in the South Ural. Resistant Pest Management Newsletter, 2011, 21(1): 2-3.
  34. Novozhilov K.V., Volgarev S.A. Zashchita i karantin rastenii, 2007, 4: 23-25 (in Russ.).
  35. Davidson L.N., Evans E.W. Frass analysis of diets of aphidophagous lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Utah alfalfa fields. Environ. Entomol., 2010, 39(2): 576-582 CrossRef

back